PLOWING, SUBSOILING, AND TRENCHING 1G3 



and anchor, — while for extensive work the advantage of the di- 

 rect pull compensates for the extra investment and increased labor. 



Still another set of apparatus consists of a i2-horse engine, 

 (Fig. 79,) having two winding drums, anchor, snatch-blocks, etc. 

 The engine is adapted to use as in Fig. 76, or (if the field is 

 irregular in shape, hilly, too wet to allow the engine to be taken 

 upon it, or for any other reason can best be worked by a stationary 

 engine) it may be placed at one corner of the land, its place 

 opposite the anchor being occupied by a snatch-block. The 

 diagram (Fig. 80) shows this apparatus working in both ways. 

 The black lines indicate the arrangement in direct work, and the 

 dotted lines in working with the engine remaining stationary. 

 By the use of two double drum engines, two implements may 

 be kept in operation at the same time, as shown in Fig. 81. 



By the use of a common portable engine in connection with 

 Fowler's windlass. Fig. 82, (and by the aid of four snatch- 

 blocks,) a steam plowing apparatus maybe got up at less cost than 

 when a regular clip-drum, or winding-drum engine, is to be pur- 

 chased. A diagram showing the arrangement for working with 

 this apparatus is given in Fig. 83. 



Fig. 84 is a set of plows^turning four furrows at a trip. The 

 plowman sits on the rear end of the frame, and guides it by turn- 

 ing the steering-wheel. When the furrow is finished, he gets on 

 the other end and bears that down to its work. Fig. 85 is the 

 grubber, or cultivator, which works in the same manner, and is a 

 royal tool for fallow land. Fig. 86 shows an extra strong grubber 

 for subsoiling, or for removing roots or stones. It may be worked 

 to a depth of 18 inches. Fig. 87 is a harrow, which may be 

 drawn behind the cultivator, or plow. 



The " rope porters," — by which the rope is prevented from 

 dragging on the ground, — are shown in Fig. 88. They are attended 

 by boys. 



The illustrations given above are taken from the circular of 

 the manufacturers, Messrs. John Fowler & Co., of Leeds, Eng- 

 land, and as a matter of general interest I append hereto extracts 

 from their price list : — 



