MEDICAL TREATMENT OF DOMESTIC AXIMALS. 457 



remained in their places until the growth of the hoof, or the 



wearing out of the iron, required them to be renewed or removed. 



When the nailing is continued around on the inside as far as 



Fig. no. 



the center of the hoof, and on the outside still farther to the rear, 

 the shoe acts as an iron clamp to prevent the expansion of the 

 hoof, and the effort toward expansion being constantly exercised 



Fig. Ill 



at every step that the horse takes, the nails become loosened in 

 the wall, and the shoe is much more likely to be cast. With the 

 smaller number of nails, all of them being placed in that part of 



