544 HANDY-BOOK OF HUSBANDRY, 



the subject of " Milk and Butter,"* from which the subjoined 

 quotations are made. Prof. Johnson's article is based chiefly on 

 researches made at the Experiment Station of the Royal Agricul- 

 tural Academy of Sweden, in Stockholm : — 



" Composition of milk. — Analyses were made of the mixed milk 

 " of fifteen cows, (five Ayrshire, five Pembrokeshire, and five 

 " Swedish cows,) which were highly fed and milked at 6^-j^ 

 " A. M., and 5 J-6| p. m. These analyses, extending throughout 

 " a whole year, gave the following average result : — 



Fat, (butter,) 4-05 



Albuminoids, (caseine, etc.,) 3"32 



Sugar of milk 4*71 



Ash 0-73 



I2-8l 



Dry matter laS I 



Water 87-19 



[OO-OO 



" The fluctuations during the entire period were remarkably 

 " small. The lowest percentage of water observed was 85*92, 

 " and the highest was 88*35. In but four instances did the water 

 " fall below 86*6, and in but four did it rise above 88. The com- 

 " position of the milk of uniformly well-fed cows is therefore very 

 *' uniform, and scarcely varied throughout the year, whatever may 

 " be the changes in temperature, weather, etc. 



*' Morning and Evening Milk exhibit a constant though slight 

 " difference in composition, which, in general, consists simply in 

 " containing a half per cent, more fat at night than in the morning. 

 *' In the morning milk this fat is replaced by almost precisely the same 

 " quantity of water, 



" Further investigations showed that the proportion of fat is 

 *■*• influenced somewhat by the time that passes between the milk- 

 " ings — is, in fact, less the longer this time. Thus, milk taken 

 " after an interval of 



* American Agricultural Annual, 1868. Orange Judd & Co., New York. 



