PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. 



I. An Experimental Investigation of the. Thermodynamical Properties of Super- 

 heated Steam. On the Cooling of Saturated Steam by Free Expansion. 



By JOHN H. GRINDLEY, B.Sc., Wh.Sc. Exhibition (1851) Scholar, late Fellow of the 



Victoria University. 



Communicated by Professor OSBORNE REYNOLDS, F.R.S. 

 Received April 21, 1899 Read January 18, 1900. 



X 



CONTENTS. 



Page 

 SECTION I. Introduction 1 



II. Short theory 3 



III. Preliminary experiments 5 



IV. Nature of orifice used 5 



V. Description of apparatus 6 



VI. Methods of determining pressures and temperature 10 



VII. Method of experiment 11 



VIII. Correction of pressure gauges 13 



IX. Correction of thermometers 14 



X. Results of experiments 14 



XI. Effect of altering condition of steam below orifice 18 



XII. Energy of motion of steam at points where temperature and pressure are 



observed 19 



XIII. Position of thermo-junction in steam 21 



XIV. Transference of heat across orifice plate 22 



XV. Reduction of observations 23 



XVI. Summary of results 24 



XVII. Comparison with previous experiments 29 



XVIII. Cooling effects observed in wiredrawn steam , 31 



XIX. The relations between the specific heat, the cooling effect and the density ... 31 



SECTION I. Introduction. 



IN a paper on the " Dryness of Saturated Steam and the Condition of Steam Gas," 

 read before the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society on November 3, 1896, 

 by Professor OSBORNE REYNOLDS, F.RS., the following passage occurs, "The whole 



VOL. CXCIV. A 252. B 19.2.1900. 



