THE BLACK GUILLEMOT. '51 



back almost to the beginning of the century, who were naturalists and had 

 collections of local birds, and they had never heard of a Pembrokeshire Black 

 Guillemot ; nor could he find a Pembrokeshire specimen in any collection in the 

 county. 



In Ireland, according to Mr. R. J. Ussher's valuable report, it breeds in 

 Donegal, Antrim, Dublin, Wicklow, Waterford, Cork, Kerry, Clare, Galway and 

 Mayo. 



The Black Guillemot is only migratory to a certain extent, and for the most 

 part does not wander far from its breeding haunts ; nor does it keep so far out 

 to sea in winter as the Common Guillemot. Saxby, who paid great attention 

 to this species for years, stated that it was exceedingly common in the 

 Shetlands at all seasons, but that the old birds, with few exceptions, withdrew 

 themselves for the winter after the breeding season. He adds that the young do 

 not migrate until their second autumn. 



In winter it is a visitor, not infrequent in severe weather, to the coasts of 

 Northumberland and Durham, but elsewhere the Black Guillemot is a scarce and 

 unusual visitor to any part of the English or Welsh coast. In Lancashire and 

 Lakeland it is of rare and casual occurrence, and not more than eight have been 

 recorded from the Norfolk coast, and only one from Essex or Sussex. 



Mr. J. H. Salter only refers to one example (in summer plumage) occurring 

 on the coast of mid- Wales ; and the Rev. Murray A. Mathew informs me that 

 he has known of only two chance immature birds in the Bristol Channel, both of 

 which were picked up dead. A few stray examples have been recorded from 

 Hampshire, Dorset, Devon and Cornwall. 



Our form of the Black Guillemot breeds in Iceland, the Faeroes, Norway, 

 Sweden, Denmark, in the Baltic and Gulf of Bothnia, and in the White Sea 

 (" where it was found breeding by Henke at Onega" Seebohm). On the Atlantic 

 coast of America it is found from Maine northwards, including Newfoundland and 

 perhaps Labrador, to Southern Greenland. It does not seem clear from Dr. 

 Finsch's remarks (vide " Zoologist," 1890, p. 42), if this form is the one found on 

 Jan Mayen Island. 



In winter its southern wanderings do not extend far, but it is found on the 

 shores of the North Sea and the English Channel, and on the American side as 

 far as the Middle States. At Heligoland it has occurred once in breeding dress ; 

 young autumn birds occur frequently as early as August, and birds still more 

 frequently in the winter months, especially on the advent of cold weather. 



In Spitsbergen, Novaya Zeinlya, Franz Josef Laud, and the Arctic Seas 

 generally, Uria mandti is found. This form is possibly circurnpolar, having been 



