41 



lierd : The Avalanches, Broadhooks, Butterflies, Brawith Buds 

 Brampton (and other) Eoses, Clippers, Cicelys, Duchess of 

 Gloucester, Ladies, Lancasters, Lovely s, Lavenders, Nonpareils, 

 Orange Blossoms, Secrets, Spicys, Violets, Venuses and Victorias. 



At the Sittyton Sales during the years 1842 to 1876, there were 

 sold for breeding purposes 1,030 bulls averaging 36 12s. 9cL and 

 321 females averaging 32 1 4s. tid. a total of 1,351 cattle for 

 48,247, or 35 14s. each. From 1877 to 1889 nearly the whole 

 surplus of young bulls was purchased for North America and 

 Cnnada. The heifers were also mostly exported. In the 47 years 

 ending in 1889, the sale of 1,912 animals realised over 68,000. 



But for the untimely death of W. S. Marr, Jun., in 1 904, the Upper 

 Mill Herd would probably have continued to contest with that of 

 W. Duthie, as it did after Amos Cruickshank retired, the claim to 

 represent the central stream of Scotch Shorthorn blood. The 

 influence of W. S. Marr, Sen., who died in 1898, is still recognised 

 in such favoured families as the Maudies, Missies, Princess Royals, 

 Alexandrinas, the Roan or Red Ladies, Bessies, Claras, Emmas, 

 Goldies and Sittytons. Mr. Duthie was fortunate in securing 

 18 cows from the Sittyton herd at its dispersal in 1889, and this 

 addition to his herd, together with the previous use of Field 

 Marshal (47870), " the greatest of the latter-day Cruickshank 

 bulls," gave the Collynie herd a lead which it has maintained in 

 Scotland. 



Introduction of Scotch Shorthorns into English Herds. Mr. J. 

 Deane Willis, of Bapton Manor, Wiltshire, bought, on the dispersal 

 of the Sittyton herd in 1889-90, 33 yearling Sittyton heifers, and 

 their success in this already outstanding English herd, together 

 with the success of the progeny of Field Marshal in the Royal 

 Herd at Windsor, did much to bring Scotch Shorthorns into 

 favour with English breeders. While Scotch Shorthorns did much 

 to invigorate the breed as a whole and to remove the results of 

 in-breeding, they introduced some irregularity of type. English 

 cattle crossed with animals of the Cruickshank family suffered in 

 milking properties, and to some extent in outline. The original 

 Shorthorns were superior to the Scotch in the shape of the head 

 and also in the hind quarters. 



Shorthorn Herd Books. In the Coates Shorthorn Herd Hook, 

 which is the record of the United Kingdom " no bull is eligible 

 for insertion unless it has five crosses, and no cow unless it has four 

 crosses, of JShorthorn blood, which are, or are eligible to be, inserted 

 in the Herd Book." 



In France, the last sire in the pedigree must have been born in 

 1830, or before it, to enable an animal to be entered. 



For the Herd Books of Canada and the United States, "the 

 pedigrees of imported animals shall themselves trace and all their 

 crosses to an animal that was either entered or was eligible for 

 entry in Vol. 40 of Coates's Herd Book." Until about five years 

 ago the Volume was No. 20. 



For the Argentine Herd Book, pedigrees must " trace in an un- 

 broken succession of named dams and registered sires to a named dam 

 born in or before 1850. In the event of the date of birth of the last 

 named dam being unknown it is then required that her sire shall 



