42 



have been born in or before 1845. No break must occur in the 

 pedigree, such as an unregistered sire or an unnamed dam, or the 

 ' son of ' a registered bull, when he himself has not been entered, 

 unless a dam above such break can be proved to have been born in 

 or before 1850." SINCLAIR. 



Outstanding Characteristics of the Shorthorn. Perhaps the two 

 most striking characteristics of the breed and those in which it sur- 

 passes all others, are its adaptability and impressive power. It has 

 been exported in large numbers to practically all parts of the world ; 

 changes of soil, climate, and food affect it comparatively little, 

 though size and quality appear to be fully retained only in tem- 

 perate climates where food, is fairly good and plentiful. No other 

 breed has the same power of imparting to others its own good 

 qualities, and it is unequalled for improving and grading up common 

 or scrub cattle of almost all kinds. For size, weight, symmetry, 

 early maturity, and feeding qualities, Shorthorns are second to none, 

 and very few breeds surpass them for quality of beef and carcase. 

 While some strains may be regarded as almost purely beef animals 

 and are poor milkers, the typical Shorthorn and the majority of 

 Shorthorns (i.e.., including non-pedigree) in this country are dual- 

 purpose animals ; and they can be bred as milk producers of the 

 very first rank. 



SHORTHORN CLASSES AT THE SMITHFIELD SHOW, 1902-1911. 

 (a) Average Ages, Live Weights and Daily Increases. 



(b) Highest and Lowest Daily Increases. 



