INTRODUCTORY. 



19 



usually angular, having ridges and salient points on various parts of the body. Nearly all 

 our British butterflies belong to this group : they may be divided into 



i SUSPENDED (in science SUSPENSI), or those in which the chrysalids are attached by the 

 tail only, and hang with the head downwards. The Butterflies which emerge from such 

 chrysalids possess a character quite as distinctive as that of the chrysalids themselves : they 

 have but four perfect legs, instead of six ; these are the middle and hind legs ; they have 

 claws at the extremities, while the fore legs are imperfect, have no claws, and cannot 

 possibly be used in walking. The circumstance that the Butterflies of this division possess 

 strongly-marked and corresponding characters in the chrysalis and butterfly state is regarded 

 as a sufficient proof that the association is a natural one. 



Examples of Suspended Chrysalids. 



a. lo 



b. Atalanta o. Paphia 



d. Iris 



e. Megsera 



f. Galathea 



a. Spine-bearers (in science SPINIGERI), in which the caterpillars are armed with spines 

 more or less branched : these spines are shed with every moult, but are renewed with the 

 renewed skin, until the final one, when they entirely disappear. 



Examples of Spine-bearing Caterpillars. 



g. Antiopa h. lo 



i: Atalanta 



k Slug-shaped caterpillars (in science LIMACIFORMES), in which the caterpillar is sometimes 

 downy or covered with short pile, but is without spines, and is shaped like a slug : its body 

 in two pointed tails, which are directed backwards. 



