WHITE ADMIRAL. 



uniformly cylindrical, but the segments are 

 slightly swollen, and the incisions between 

 them marked with decision; the dorsal surface 

 is shagreened,the lateral surface more strongly 

 so, the inequalities almost amounting to spines 

 on the slightly dilated skinfold ; there are also 

 circles of similar small spines round each of 

 the claspers, and a transverse series on the 

 ventral surface of each segment, but the most 

 striking armature of the caterpillar is on the 

 back ; the third, fourth, sixth, eleventh, and 

 twelfth segments have each two conspicuous 

 erect spines placed side by side ; the fifth, 

 seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth segmentshave 

 each two shorter spines, and the thirteenth 

 segment has four still shorter and smaller : 

 all these spines are branched or rather bristle- 

 bearing. The colour of the head is pinkish 

 brown, with a darker longitudinal line down 

 each side of the face : the body is dark green 

 on the back, paler on the sides, and the little 

 warts causing the appearance of shagreen are 

 yellow ; under a lens they have the appear- 

 ance of yellow grains of sand ; the spiracles 

 are white, and there is a narrow but very 

 decided white side-stripe below the spiracles; 

 on each side of each segment is a yellowish 

 blotch; the spines are pink at the tip, reddish 

 brown below, and paler at the base ; their 

 bristles are black ; the ventral surface is apple- 

 green approaching to glaucous at the incisions 

 of the segments : the legs are obscure brown- 

 ish green; the cla-spers are rather paler and 

 their disks pink. When full fed it spins a 

 silkon web over the under surface of a leaf 

 of the boney>uckle thickened into the form of 

 a pad on the midrib ; and attaching itself to 

 this by the anal claspers, it suspends itself in 

 a curved position waiting for the change to 

 a CHRYSALIS. Mr. Buckler graphically de- 

 scribes the change as follows, in the 38th 

 number of the " Entomologist's Monthly 

 Magazine": "In the course of the third day 

 the creature seems to wake up, unbends its 

 head, swings itself to and fro a few times, 

 then stretches itself downwards in a long 

 attenuated line, which causes a ruptui'e of the 

 skin close to the head, which is seen slowly to 

 , exposing the bare and soft shining 



parts below, from which a flat and forked pair 

 of horns grow out perceptibly as one beholds 

 this wonderful process; the skin continues to 

 glide slowly upwards; and as the soft parts 

 become exposed they are seen to swell out 

 laterally, and assume the very singular 

 projections of the chrysalis ; the skin of the 

 old head gliding up the belly marks the pro- 

 gress of the disclosure, as the colours of the 

 old and new surfaces are at this time alike, 

 but the new rather more shining and f emi- 

 transparent ; occasionally, during the bulging 

 out of the soft parts, a kind of convulsive 

 heave or two occurs, but otherwise it remains 

 still vintil the creature is uncovered as far as 

 the ninth or tenth segment; it then curves its 

 anal extremity by a sudden twist laterally, 

 and in a moment dexterously withdraws the 

 tip of the anal segment from the claspers by 

 an opening on the back of the skin at that 

 part; at this critical moment one has time to 

 see that the naked, shining point is furnished 

 with black hooks, and to expect its fall, but 

 in another moment it has forcibly pressed the 

 curved tip with its hooks against the stem, 

 close to its previous attachment of the anal 

 claspers, which has proved strong enough for 

 the occasion. The creature now seems en- 

 dowed with wonderful power and vigour ; it 

 swings boldly to and fro, and undulates itself 

 as if to gain longer swings, when presently 

 the old skin that remains is seen to burst 

 away and fall off, the chrysalis gradually be- 

 coming quiescent; the entire metamorphosis, 

 from the first waking to the last movement, 

 occupying nearly seven minutes. The chrysalis 

 is very angular, and its wing-cases very pro- 

 jecting; the dorsal surface of the thorax rises 

 to a prominent ridge, and a little beyond it is 

 a flat, round, and very projecting process; on 

 the bank and from thence to the anal tip, 

 the abilomen is slightly sinuous, and there- 

 fore hangs a little on one side; two flat forked 

 processes project from the head. Its colour at 

 first is a greenish white, but it gradually 

 darkens, and in a few days the thorax and 

 wing cases are deep olive-green, the centre of 

 the back of the abdomen bright apple-green, 

 its tip and underside being dark brown, wuich 



