DUKE OF BURGUNDY. 



103 



margin simple ; the hind wings have the hind 

 margin scalloped and the anal angle slightly 

 produced. The colour of the fore wings is 

 dark brown, with three irregular transverse 

 bands of bright fulvous spots ; the first band, 

 nearest the base, is composed of four such 

 spots j the second, crossing the middle of the 



31. Duke of Burgundy (Nemeobius Lucina). Upper 

 side. 



Under side. 



wing, has six such spots, that nearest the 

 costal margin being much smaller than the 

 rest, and being accompanied by a linear 

 ochreous spot still nearer the margin ; the 

 fourth spot in this band, counting from the 

 costal margin, is out of the regular series, and 

 more distant from the base of the wing ; the 

 third band is almost marginal, and is composed 

 of six spots, of which that nearest the costal 

 margin is smaller than the rest, and is accom- 

 panied by a linear ochreous spot still nearer 

 the costal margin ; the other spots composing 

 this third band have a median black spot : 

 the hind wings are umber-brown, with five 

 or six longish fulvous spots about the middle, 

 and a hind-marginal series of five or six fulvous 

 spots, each of which has a median black spot. 

 The fringe of all the wings is spotted, pure 

 white and dark brown alternating regularly. 

 The under side of the fore wings is beautifully 

 tesselated with black and different shades of 

 brown ; the under side of the hind wings is 

 bright rust-colour, with two transverse bands 

 of very pale yellow or pure white spots. These 

 are clearly defined and very beautiful ; the 

 first, near the base, is composed of five spots ; 



the second, near the middle of the wing, is 

 composed of nine spots. There is also a mar- 

 ginal series of six wedge-shaped black spots, 

 each of which stands on a yellow spot, and 

 points towards the base of the wing. 



LIFE HISTORY. The EGGS are laid about 

 the 1st of June (I give this as a medium date, 

 having no doubt that the period of oviposition 

 may extend over twenty days), on the under 

 side of the leaves of the cowslip (Primula veris) 

 or primrose (Primula acaulis), either singly 

 or in clusters of four or five ; their shape 

 is spheroid, depressed at the south pole or 

 base, and produced at the north pole or apex ; 

 their colour is pale glaucous. The CATER- 

 PILLAR emerges about the fourteenth day, 

 and remains on the under side of the leaf, in 

 which it makes small round holes, thereby 

 indicating its presence ; it continues to feed 

 for several weeks, the duration of the cater- 

 pillar state being dependent on temperature. 

 When full-fed, it rests with its under surface 

 closely appressed to the leaf; but if touched 

 or annoyed it falls from its food-plant, lying 

 motionless on its side, and bending its body 

 in a crescentic form, the two extremities 

 approaching, but not meeting. The head is 

 narrower and every way smaller than the 

 second segment, into which it is received and 

 sometimes completely withdrawn; the body is 

 somewhat woodlouse-shaped, the dorsal sur- 

 face being convex, and the ventral surface 

 flat ; the legs and claspers are concealed ; the 

 divisions of the segments are deeply incised 

 and well-defined ; each segment emits about 

 forty hairs or bristles, of which those on the 

 back are slightly arched, those on the sides 

 straight. The colour of the head is pale 

 wainscot- brown ; it is shining and hairy, the 

 hairs and ocelli are black ; the colour of the 

 body is dingy white, with an indistinct medio- 

 dorsal stripe of a smoky olive tint, apparently 

 in great measure due to the presence of food 

 in the alimentary canal, an inference that 

 receives support from the fact of the stripe 

 being partially interrupted at the segments ; 

 on each side is a waved olive stripe, also inter- 

 rupted at the segments, and thus divided into 

 a number of short oblique lines, each of which 



