BEITISH MOTHS. 



83. The Black Arches (Male) (Liparis monacha). 

 lines crowded together ; at a short distance 

 follows the fifth line, and on the hind margin 

 of the wing are nine black spots ; hind wings 

 of the female smoke-coloured, with a pale 

 marginal band, in which are six or seven dark 

 spots ; head white, palpi, antennae, and eyes 

 black ; the antennae of the male have white 

 shafts ; thorax with a black mark in front, 

 close behind the head, and three or four black 

 spots in the middle ; body rosy-red with a row 

 of black dots down the middle, and a row on 

 each side ; legs black and white in the male 

 black in the female. The caterpillar is grey 

 and hairy, with a darker stripe down the back ; 

 the second segment has two bluish tubercles 

 on the back ; the ninth, .tenth, and eleventh 

 segments have a reddish tubercle on the 

 back. It feeds on oak, birch, &c. ; spins a 

 slight cocoon in July, in the crevices of the 

 bark ; and changes to a blackish shining chry- 

 salis, which is ornamented with brushes of 

 dark hair on every segment. The Moth ap- 

 pears in July and August, and is not common. 

 (The scientific name is Liparis monacha.) 



84. The Pale Tussock (Orgyia pudibimda). 



84. THB PALE TUSSOCK. Fore wings of 

 the male grey, with a broad central smoke- 

 coloured transverse bar, more or less distinct ; 

 this bar includes several darker waved lines ; 



The Black Arches (Female). 



the fringe on the hind margin has seven or 

 eight dark spots ; the fore wings of the female 

 are pale-grey, without the central bar, but in- 

 stead of this they have two transverse, rather 

 waved, lines, one rather before the middle, and 

 the other rather beyond ; the fringe is spotted 

 as in the male ; hind wings in both male and 

 female nearly white, with a faint greyish cen- 

 tral transverse bar, which is most conspicuous 

 towards the anal angle : head, thorax, and 

 body grey ; fore legs of the male very hairy. 

 The caterpillar is of a delicate green colour, 

 with a band of the most intense velvety black 

 between the fifth and sixth segments, another 

 between the sixth and seventh, and a third 

 between the seventh and eighth ; all these 

 four segments have a thick tuft of yellow hair, 

 like a brush, on the back ; the twelfth segment 

 has a longer and more slender tuft, directed 

 backward ; it feeds on oak, lime, hazel, edible 

 chestnut, and many other trees. I have had a 

 number of these caterpillars this year, and 

 have observed that before they changed their 

 skins, they spin a little silken house, bending 

 a leaf over their backs. They feed through 

 June, July, and August, spin a slight web 

 among the leaves, and turn to a hairy chrysalis, 

 which turns to a Moth the following May. The 

 beautiful caterpillar is common everywhere : it 

 is called the " Hop-dog " ; the Moth not so 

 often seen. (The scientific name is Orgyia 

 pudibunda.} 



85. THI DARK TUSSOCK. Fore wings 

 smoky-grey, with three transverse dark waved 

 markings ; the first of these is near the base, 

 the other two are near together, and be}"ond 

 the middle of the wing ; all are accompanied 

 by orange-coloured sprinkled dots ; and there 

 is a dark dotted line along the hind margin, 



