GEOMETERS. 



The CATERPILLAR rests in a nearly straight 

 posture, with the head porrected on the same 

 plane as the body; head flattened, quite as 

 broad as, and in young specimens rather 

 broader than, the body ; body uniformly 

 cylindrical, without humps. Colour infinitely 

 varied ; one variety is uniformly brown, with 



Common White Wave, female. 



a pair of white dots on the back of each 

 segment ; another variety is green, with a 

 medio-dorsal row of brown spots, each spot 

 situated between two segments, and the an- 

 terior ones having a small white spot on each 

 side; each segment has also four black 

 spots on its under surface. It feeds on oak, 

 birch, hazel, and many other trees ; it is full- 

 fed in September, when it spins a loose cocoon 

 on the surface of the earth. 



The MOTH comes out in June, and is on the 

 wing throughout July and August : it is com- 

 mon every where in England and Ireland. 

 (The scientific name is Cabera pusaria.} 



199. The Bound-winged White Wave, males and 

 females. 



199. THE ROUND-WINGED WHITE WAVE. 

 The antennae arepectinatedin the male, simple 

 in the female. All the wings are rounded, 

 white sprinkled with gray dots ; the fore wings 

 have three oblique transverse gray lines, and 

 the hind wings two ; the second line on the 

 fore "vings is very indistinct and often wanting. 



The MOTH appears on the wing in May in 

 the south of England ; but is not reported 



from Scotland or Ireland, 

 name is Cabera rotimdaria.) 



200. The Common Wave (Caoura exanthemaria) . 



200. THE COMMON WAVE. The antenna 

 of the male are pectinated, those of the female 

 simple. All the wings are dingy yellowish- 

 gray; the fore wings having three, the hind 

 wings two, indistinct transverse darker lines, 

 and sprinkled all over with still darker dots. 

 The antennae are white, with black rings 

 towards the tip; the thorax and body are 

 gray. 



The CATERPILLAR is of an uniform yellow- 

 green colour, rather more slender towards the 

 head ; it feeds on sallow and alder, and is 

 full-fed in the autumn, when it falls to the 

 ground and makes a slight cocoon under fallen 

 leaves, and remains in the CHRYSALIS state 

 during winter. 



The MOTH is very common, and is on the 

 wing during a considerable portion of the 

 summer in most of the English and Irish 

 counties. (The scientific name is Cabera ex- 

 anthemaria.) 



201. The Clouded Silver (Corycia temerata). 



201. THE CLOUDED SILVER. The antennae 

 are simple in both sexes. All the wings are 

 rounded and white ; fore wings with a central 

 dark brown spot, a waved and somewhat un- 

 defined transverse band half way between the 

 central spot and the hind margin; a row of 

 very dark crescent-shaped markings on the 

 hind margin, and the centre of the space be- 

 tween this row and the transverse band is 

 occupied by a dark smoke-coloured cloud ; 

 these together constitute a conspicuous and 

 distinguishing blotch; there is also about the 

 middle of the inner margin a transversely 



