GEOMETERS. 



119 



of it : " The caterpillar is as beautiful as the 

 moth ; is of an apple-green colour, the in- 

 cisions of the segments being yellow ; the 

 dorsal area is brighter, and is ornamented at 

 the anterior margin of every segment with a 

 small triangular red spot. It feeds in June, 

 on fruit trees." 



The MOTH appears on the wing in May and 

 June, and has been taken in Herefordshire, 

 Cambridgeshire, Gloucestershire, and Sussex, 

 generally, if not exclusively, in apple orchards. 

 It is extremely rare in collections, probably 

 owing to itsnothavii-gbeensoughtat the proper 

 times, and in the proper places ; it settles on the 

 trunks of apple trees generally just below the 

 first branching, and owing to its exact simi- 

 larity to the colour of the bark, is difficult to 

 find, but may be induced to fly by giving the 

 trunk a sharp stroke with a thick stick. (The 

 scientific name is Eupitlwcia consignata.) 



258. The Toadflax Pug (Eupithecia linariata). 



258. THE TOADFLAX PUG. The fore wings 

 ire very variegated ; at the base is a smoky- 

 black spot on the costa, almost surrounded by 

 a paler space ; then follows a transverse chest- 

 nutrcoloured band, paler on the outside; then 

 a broad black band, having a transverse dis- 

 coidal spot, deeper black ; this is bordered on 

 each side by a white line ; beyond this white 

 line is a pale wainscot bar, then a chestnut 

 bit* bn;n a white line, and, lastly, a darker 

 but soriewbat variegated bar, occupying the 

 bind nargin; the hind wings are smoky 

 eray. pJer across the middle ; the head is 

 smoKy black, the thorax chestnut brown; the 

 body is black at the base, paler towards the 

 extremity, with a medio-dorsal series of small 

 black spots. 



Mr. Crewe describes the CATERPILLAR as 

 "short, stumpy, and slightly tapering to- 

 wards the head ; when young, it is bright 

 yeiiow. with blackish dorsal spots ; when 

 full-fed, yellowish green, with a series of 

 large dull olive, or rust- coloured dorsal spots 



or bars, running the whole length, and bor- 

 dered on either side by a dusky olive line ; 

 the head is nearly black; the belly, dusky; 

 the spiracles, black ; the body is sprinkled 

 with short whitish hairs, and here and there 

 studded with black tubercles ; the dorsal 

 markings are frequently very indistinct, and 

 sometimes wanting altogether, and the cater ; 

 pillar is then of a uniform yellowish green. It 

 feeds in August and September on the flowers 

 and seeds of the common wild snap-dragon, or 

 yellow toad-flax (Linaria vulgaris). It is un- 

 certain in its appearance, being one year ex- 

 ceedingly abundant and the next very scarce. 

 The CHRYSALIS, which is enclosed in an earthen 

 cocoon, has the abdomen reddish yellow; the 

 tip blood-red ; the thorax and wing-cases, 

 olive." 



The MOTH appears on the wing in June, and 

 has been taken in most of our English coun- 

 ties, but not in Ireland ; in very warm seasons 

 it is double-brooded. (The scientific name is 

 Eupitliecia linariata.') 



259. The Foxglove Pug (Eupithecia pulchellata). 



259. THE FOXGLOVE PUG. The fore wings 

 are very variegated ; at the base of the wing 

 a portion of the area is divided from the re- 

 mainder by a black line ; the upper portion 

 of this area is almost black, the lower portion 

 generally pale ; this is followed by a white 

 zigzag bar ; then follows a transverse chest- 

 nut-coloured band, paler on the outside; then 

 follows a broad dark band, having a transverse 

 discoidal bkick spot, and many other mark- 

 ings ; this band is bordered on each side by a 

 white line ; be\ ond this is a pale wainscot 

 bar, then a second chestnut bar, then a white 

 line, and, lastly, a darker, but variegated bar, 

 occupying the hind margin ; the hind wings 

 are smoky gray, paler across the middle, and 

 having certain indistinct darker zigzag lines ; 

 the head is dark ; the thorax, chestnut-brown ; 

 the body, black at the base, and paler towards 



