HELIX. 219 



dark-grey with black specks; upper pair rather close together 

 and nearly cylindrical ; bulbs short, thick, and subglobular : 

 foot rather narrow, rounded in front, thickened at its sides, 

 and ending in a very slender but blunt tail. 



SHELL nearly circular, more compressed below than above, 

 rather thin but nearly opaque, moderately glossy and slightly 

 iridescent, yellowish-brown or horncolour, and marked trans- 

 versely with equidistant reddish-brown streaks or blotches ; 

 sculpture consisting of numerous curved transverse ribs, 

 which are equally strong on both sides and sometimes anas- 

 tomose, as well as of minute intermediate strise, and of a 

 slight granulation on the first whorl, which is destitute of 

 ribs : periphery bluntly keeled : epidermis not very thin : 

 whorls 6-7, subcylindrical, convex below, the last occupying 

 about one-third of the shell and the rest gradually diminish- 

 ing in size : spire slightly raised ; summit glossy and semi- 

 transparent : suture very deep : mouth obliquely quad- 

 rangular, strengthened in adult specimens by a narrow, but 

 strong, white internal rib : outer lip thickened in the adult, 

 but usually sharp and thin, very slightly reflected, and not 

 much inflected above : umbilicus extremely large, open, and 

 deep, exposing a considerable part of all the whorls, as well 

 as the whole of the internal spire. L. O'l. B. 0*275. 



Var. 1. minor. Shell smaller. 



Var. 2. pyramidalis. Shell subconical : spire more raised. 



Var. 3. Turtoni. Shell greatly depressed above and below : 

 spire nearly flat. H. Turtoni, Fleming, Brit. Anim. p. 269. 



Yar. 4. alba, Moquin-Tandon. Shell pale yellowish- white 

 or with a greenish tinge. 



HABITAT : Under stones, logs of wood, and bark of 

 old trees, as well as in decayed wood and moss, and 

 among dead leaves, everywhere from the most northern 

 extremity of Great Britain to the Channel Isles. Var. 1 

 appears to be an alpine form. I have found it not only 

 in Zetland, and on the Jura and Swiss Alps, but also in 

 Guernsey. This form occurs also in our upper tertiary 

 beds, probably indicating their northern origin. Var. 2. 

 Swansea and other places (J. G. J.). Var. 3. Dublin 



