544 



The Review of Reviews. 



THE BALKANS. 



The Contemporary contains a well-considered 

 article from the pen of Sir Edwin Pears on 

 "The Crisis in Turkey." The troubled history 

 of Macedonia during the past thirty years is 

 admirably summarised, and Sir ' Edwin con- 

 cludes : — - 



It is unreasonable to expect men to suffer patiently 

 the injustice which the Macedonians have endured for a 



Ulk. 



The Old and Young Turks. 



Will it be the moon's last quarter ? 



LBerlin- 



generation, or to expect that those who have escaped 

 from such injustice should not sympathise with and 

 endeavour to aid their brethren who are still under the 

 yoke. It is not the States which so sympathise and aid 

 who have provided the causa causans of war. It is the 

 condition of Macedonia, which is the result of long 

 years of misgovernment, largely aggravated by Abdul 

 Hamid and unhappily not improved under Young 

 Turkey. 



Special interest attaches to the notes on 

 Foreign Affairs, in the same Review, by the 

 redoubtable Dr. Dillon, who takes the opportu- 

 nity of giving a full-dress parade to the battalion 

 of facts with which his portfolio is ever stocked. 



Dealing with Russian and Austrian relations 



he says : — 



The greatest obstacles they have to encounter come, 

 not from the incompatibility of their own designs, but 

 from the chief newspapers of their respective countries, 

 which systematically misinterpret the intentions of the 

 other side, and envenom public opinion. The currents 

 thus created may turn out to be more destructive than 

 the wilfulness of the Balkan communities. 



WHAT ARE THEY FIGHTING FOR? 



Dr. Dillon puts the issue in a nutshell when 

 he points out that : — 



Although the Powers have declared that no territorial 

 changes would ensue as a result of the war, their state- 

 ments should be received with scepticism. War leaves 

 abiding traces and produces lasting changes. To this 

 fact the Powers must adjust their policy. Some terri- 

 torial modifications will have to be tolerated by Europe 

 at the Conference which presumably will meet to 

 determine the conditions of peace. That a conference 

 will be convoked seems a foregone conclusion. It could 

 hardly be otherwise, because the questions which are 

 now become actual cannot be settled by an exchange of 

 telegrams. How they will be solved at all is still a 

 mystery. The Christian States and peoples of the 

 Balkans are struggling for their political development 

 and growth, and are fired by the racial, religious, and 

 class hatred stored up during centuries of thraldom 

 under the Turkish yoke. Turkey is fighting, not for her 

 dignity or her possessions, but for very existence, and 

 with the fanaticism of Islam heightened by the liatred of 

 masters for their presumptuous and rebellious slaves. 

 That is the real meaning of the war. 



We are glad to find that Dr. Dillon prophesies 

 a speedy termination to the war and a peaceful 

 end to Eastern troubles : — 



Racial and religious passion must be abated. Con- 

 sequently, hostilities will not be protracted. On this 

 assurance the public may rely. At the first opportune 

 moment the Powers will silence the thunder of the 

 cannon and allow the voice of reason and humanity to 

 be heard. For the two planks in the present programme 

 of European diplomacy are to bring the campaign to a 

 speedy termination, and to weed out international com- 

 plications from among its consequences. Considering, 

 therefore, the present readiness of the principal 

 dramatis fersoncz to compromise, and their firm resolve 

 to eliminate as far as possible all germs of a serious 

 conflict, one may reasonably hope that October i6th 

 will be a date as noteworthy in the annals of peace as 

 of war. 



EGYPT FOR THE EGYPTIANS. 



In the Revue Egyptienne of October 5th 

 appears a French translation of a series of. 

 articles, by Ahmed Loutfi el Sayed, on Egyptian 

 Youth and the Future of Egypt. 



CAUSES OF UNREST. 



Egypt, he says, is passing through a period 

 of restlessness, a period of political and moral 

 crisis. V^hat are the causes? This is the 

 question the writer endeavours to solve. First, 

 he states that certain writers are partly respon- 



