394 



The Review of Reviews. 



April to, 190e. 



not be included in the official hours. The time shall be 

 from 9 to 9.30 a.m., unless the applicants desire some other 

 time: and any dispute ii.s to time shall be settled by the 

 Board of Education. 



i9) In districts adequately supplied with " provided " 

 schools the Board of Education may, on the application of 

 parents and of the managers of any non-provided school, 

 allow that school to l>e withdrawn from the common 

 school-supply of the district and from an.v control or in- 

 terference by the local authority, and maj' admit it to 

 annual grants, as is done under section 15 of the Act of 

 1902. 



(101 The aid grant provided by the Act of 1902 shall be 

 distributed in a more graduated way, so as to give greater 

 relief to those districts which are levying a higher educa- 

 tion rate. 



DE. MACXAMARAS PROPOSALS. 



Dr. Macnamara, M.P., discusses the possible 

 amendment of the Education Act, 1903, in the 

 Contemforary Revieiv. He hopes the coming Bill 

 will allow any locality to revert to the School Board, 

 or to increase the membership of its municipal coun- 

 cil. He would adjust the grant to each school on a 

 sliding scale based on the capital charge for build- 

 ings, ratab'e value of the area, and the number of 

 working-class children. He would pay the rental 

 to denominational schools out of the Imperial purse, 

 and an e juivalent grant should be given towards the 

 cost of the provided schools. Otherwise he would 

 wipe out the distinction between provided and non- 

 provided, and would make an adequate return for 

 the use of the denominational buildings, which he 

 would, if necessary, cause to be compulsorily ac- 

 quired. On the religious difficulty he would make 

 all schools Cowper-Temple schools, with undenomi- 

 national Scriptural teaching, but with facilities for 

 denominational teaching (when required by parents) 

 by volunteer teachers outside of the official curricu- 

 lum. Denominationalists who would oppose this as 

 simply endowinc; Nonconformity will, he warns 

 them, drive the State into pure secularism. And he 

 wonders whether brotherly love amongst Christian 

 sects will prevent this catastrophe. Tests for 

 teachers must go. and specific denominational teach- 

 ing at the training colleges, denominational or not, 

 must be outside the official curriculum. He points 

 out that in the Church of England colleges the in- 

 come from voluntarv sources is a very small fraction 

 of the total income. 



FEOM TORT DEMOCRAT TO LIBERAL. 



Lady Wimborne, in the same number, urges 

 Evangelical Churchmen in the education controversy 

 not to side with the High Church school, but rather 

 with the Nonconformist position, and to accept the 

 undenomlnationalism which contains all that is re- 

 quisite for bringing up children in the faith and fear 

 of God. Nonconformists and Evangelicals can both 

 gain from each other. She adds: — 



But. to fuse the two. our Evangelical clergy need to realise 

 that it is through Liberalism and an acceptance of Liberal 

 measures that it must come. These are. I believe, the 

 future hope of our country. If a personal element can be 

 allowed in an article of this kind, and I he taunted with 

 a new-found faith in the Liberal creed, I would only reply 

 that Tor.v democracy was an effort to inoculate the Tory 

 party with Liberal ideas. The genius of one man made 

 it successful for one brief moment, but with the death of 

 the beloved founder Toryism has reverted to its ancient 

 faith. 



GERMAN SHIPBUILDING. 



How A State Can Create an Industry. 



In the Contemporary Review Mr. J. Ellis Barker 

 gives a very striking account of the shipbuilding and 

 shipping industries of Germany. He points out the 

 great disadvantage under which Germany lies in the 

 great distance of her coal and iron from the sea. 

 He recalls how in 1872 General von Strosch, on be- 

 coming head of the German Admiralty, made it his 

 motto, '■ Without German shipbuilding we cannot 

 get an efficient German fleet," and laid down the 

 principle that all German warships should be built 

 in German yards and of German material. In 1879 

 Bismarck, in introducing Protection, gave complete 

 Free Trade to the German shipbuilding industry, 

 which, from a fiscal point of view, was carried on 

 outside the German frontier. He also converted the 

 private railways of Prussia into State railways, and 

 arranged that heavy raw material used in German 

 shipbuilding should be carried over State railways 

 at rates barely covering cost. Howe\er, the Ger- 

 man shipowners still bought their ships from Britain. 

 But in 1884 Bismarck gave subsidies to the North 

 German Lloyd for a line of mail steamers on condi- 

 tion that the new ships should be of German mate- 

 rial and manufacture. This was the foundation of 

 the German shipbuilding trade. The Vulcan Com- 

 pany since 1890 has built the fastest liners afloat. 

 The iron and steel shipjiing built in Germany has 

 risen from 24,000 tons in 1885 to 255,000 tons in 

 1900, Capital in iron shipbuilding yards has risen 

 from 15 million marks in 1880 to 66 million rharks 

 in 1900. The dividends on ordinary shipbuilding 

 stock averaged in 1900 over 10 per cent. A recent 

 German writer is quoted as saying: — 



Although Great Britain is in many respects, especially 

 by the proximity of coal and iron to the shipyards, more 

 favourably situated than is Germany, we neutralise these 

 natural advantages by a more thorough technical training, 

 by a better organisation, and by co-operation both in the 

 shipping trade and in ship-building— 



.\ sentence which the writer would like to see on the 

 walls of our Parliaments and factories. The gigantic 

 German trusts have been formed, not to rob the Ger- 

 man consumer, but to protect the German producer 

 and to kill the non-German producer. The fleet of 

 German steamships has risen from 81,000 tons in 

 187 1 to 1,739.000 in 1904. The writer thus sums 

 up: — 



Notwithstanding the most disadvantageons natural con- 

 ditions tor shipbuilding and shipping which can be 

 imagined, and notwithstanding the former disinclination 

 of German business men to embark upon shipbuilding and 

 shipping, the German Government has succeeded, at a 

 comparatively trifling cost to the nation, in overcoming 

 all tlie apparently insurmountable obst^icles and in arti- 

 ficially creating a powerful, successful and wealth-creating 

 new industry which is now the pride of Germany and the 

 env.v of many nations. 



He points out that the German Government has a 

 rigid policy neither of Protection nor of Free Trade, 

 but applies Protection and Free Trade in varying 

 dcsrs. " Its economic policv is not scientific, but is 

 deliberately unscientific and empirical." 



