DESPATCHES, EEPORTS, CORRESPONDENCE, ETC. 779 



vessel, of its official number on each bow ; and any such vessel, required by 

 law to have an official number, and failing to comply with such regulations, 

 shall not be entitled to the licenses provided for in this treaty. 



Such regulations shall be communicated to Her Majesty's Government pre- 

 viously to their taking effect. 



ARTICLE XIV. 



The penalties for unlawfully fishing in the waters, bays, creeks, and har- 

 bours, referred to in Article I of this treaty, may extend to forfeiture of 

 the boat or vessel, and appurtenances, and also of the supplies and cargo 

 aboards when the offence WMS committed; and for preparing in such waters 

 to unlawfully fish therein, penalties shall be fixed by the court, not to exceed 

 those for unlawfully fishing; and for any other violation of the laics of 

 Great Britain, Canada, or Newfoundland relating to the rights of fishery in 

 such waters, bays, creeks, or harbours, penalties shall be fixed by the court, 

 not exceeding in all tlirec dollars for every ton of the boat or vessel concerned. 

 The boat or vessel may be holden for such penalties and forfeitures. 



The proceedings shall be summary and as inexpensive as practicable. The 

 trial (except on appeal) shall be at the place of detention, unless the judge 

 shall, on request of the defence, order it to be held at some other place 

 adjudged by him more convenient. Security for costs shall not be required 

 of the defence, except when bail is offei-ed. Reasonable bail shall be accepted. 

 There shall be proper appeals available to the defence only; and the evidence 

 at the trial may be used on appeal. 



Judgments of forfeiture shall be reviewed by the Governor-General of Can- 

 ada in council, or the governor in council of Newfoundland, before the same 

 are executed. 



We .accord (in Article 12) to the fishing vessels of Canada and 

 Newfoundland the same privileges on the Atlantic coasts of the 

 United States that are secured to our fishing vessels by this treaty, 

 without admitting them to fish within 3 miles of the coasts of the 

 bays, harbours, or creeks along that sea-coast. 



This treaty secures to our fishermen the free navigation of the 

 Strait of Canso. 



Article 15 secures to us the option to acquire very important com- 

 mercial privileges to our fishermen whenever Congress shall con- 

 clude that they are worth the money that we may otherwise collect 

 in duties on fish. 



Congress may never make this concession; but the power to acquire 

 these privileges, as permanent treaty rights, may become very 

 valuable to us when the diminishing products of the fisheries in the 

 waters adjacent to the eastern coasts of the United States and of 

 Canada and Newfoundland increase in value, because they will be 

 required to supply the needs of 100,000.000 of people in the United 

 States and 30,000,000 of people in the Dominion of Canada. 



This article is suggested by a wise forecast of the future necessities 

 of our fishermen, as well as those of the people of the United States, 

 when our population is greatly increased, and the supply of food is 

 to be distributed to such a vast multitude of people that the allow- 

 ance, per capita, will be, accordingly, diminished. 



The treaty now before the Senate is one of reciprocal concessions. 



The unconditional concessions to the fishermen are not strictly 

 commercial, but they give them great assistance in their business and 

 in the means of relieving any distress which may befall them. 



Can we ever hope to engraft on the treaty of 1818 any new 

 468 agreement for commercial privileges to our fishermen without 

 giving an equivalent in some liberty or privilege that Great 

 Britain will claim for her fishermen? 



