814 APPENDIX TO BRITISH CASE. 



which belong to the territory : to the littoral sea, to the interior sea, 

 in the various acceptations of this word, to gulfs and straits. It is 

 the general and juridical term (le temne general et juridique}, while 

 the others are rather physical or geographical (physiques ou geog- 

 raphiques}. The term littoral sea has the advantage of a special 

 meaning. They say also jurisdictional sea, after one of the elements 

 of the juridical situation of that part of the sea. 



The principle that the littoral sea forms a part of the territory is 

 justified by the necessities of the preservation and security of the 

 state, from the point of view, military, sanitary, fiscal, as well as the 

 point of view of the interests of industry, specially of the right of 

 fishing. The result is, for the coast and for terra firma, the littoral 

 sea has the character of an accessory (le caractere d\m accessoire) , 

 and it cannot be taken independent!} 7 of the coast (indepcndamment 

 de la cote}. Speaking of " Les Frontieres " he says: " I have spoken 

 already of the frontier of the sea, and of that of the land. There 

 exists also special limits for the wants of administration because the 

 geographical and political frontier (la frontiere politique et geog- 

 raphique} do not always answer in a sufficient manner." The dis- 

 tinction thus clearly recognized between a geographical and political 

 frontier is too obvious to require further illustration. 



If the geographical frontier happens to be on the sea or ocean, it is 

 known as the coast, the point of contact between the sea water and 

 the land, upon which the political frontier is superimposed as an 

 accessory that can not be taken independently of the coast (et qiCon 

 ne saurait Vacquerir independamment de la cote}. That dependent 

 and accessorial frontier created by international law solely for the 

 purposes of jurisdiction, is annexed only to the outer coast of a mari- 

 time state which it shortens by cutting across the heads of bays and 

 inlets, thus following what is called the general trend of the coast. 



490 THE POLITICAL COAST LINE NOT INVOLVED IN THIS CASE. 



The artificial coast line created by international law for the pur- 

 poses of jurisdiction only, which, following the general trend of the 

 coast, cuts across the heads of bays and inlets is not involved in this 

 case in any form, for the simple reason that the outer coast, to which 

 it is exclusively an accessory, is not involved. 



The entire British Case rests upon the admission that the eastern 

 boundary of the lisiere is to be determined with reference to the 

 inner coast only, and on the contention that a political coast line 

 can be predicated of this coast. In the language of the British Case 

 (p. 24), "It seems clear that, in the whole course of these negotia- 

 tions, Count Xesselrode used the term ' cote ' as meaning the general 

 line of the continent." The eastern line of the lisiere as now con- 

 tended for by Great Britain is drawn in reference to " the general 

 line of the continent," that is, of the inner coast. The heart of that 

 contention is that such inner coast is not the entire natural coast of 

 physical geography, but that it is to be ignored at places and that 

 for it shall be substituted an artificial coast line which under the 

 international law is a mere accessory to a physical coast. Such an 

 artificial coast line relates to the outer coast only, and can have no 



Vol. i, pp. 145, 146, 170. 



