GEOGRAPHICAL DATA. 661 



water is of a yellowish-brown color, but it is wholesome and tastes 

 good. There are several other much smaller streams of water, one of 

 which runs into Atlantic cove. Trinity cove is on the western, and 

 Atlantic cove on the eastern side of the island, both being nearly 1 

 mile from its southern point, and they afford the only shelter for 

 boats and the only good landing on the island, which is easier of 

 ascent from them than at any other part. The island is partially 

 wooded with dwarf and scrubby spruce trees, useless, except for fuel. 



The island belongs to the province of Nova Scotia. 



Half a mile off the island the water becomes deep, so that there is 

 little or no warning by the lead in approaching it in foggy weather ; 

 although bold and high, many shipwrecks, attended with loss of life, 

 have occurred upon it. 



Beacons. Two beacons with white circular tops are on the hill in 

 the bight of the cove above the tide-gauge house, and in line, bearing 

 299, lead well clear of Big Dick rock, a detached rock lying off the 

 northern point of the cove, on which the sea breaks heavily. There 

 are also two diamond-shaped white beacons about 70 yards eastward 

 of the superintendent's house, which in line, bearing 344, lead clear 

 of the foul ground off the southern point of the cove, and indicate 

 the best anchorage in 18 fathoms when their alignment intersects that 

 of the two above-mentioned circular-topped beacons. 



These beacons are intended for the guidance of vessels calling at 

 the cove with supplies and mails as well as for small schooners and 

 fishing vessels. 



Lights. There are two lighthouses on St. Paul island, one on the 

 detached rock at its northern point and the other on its southern 

 point. 



North Point lighthouse [Lat. 47 13' 55" N., Long. 60 08' 20" 

 W.], a white, octagonal, wooden tower 40 feet high, exhibits at 140 

 feet above high water a fixed white light, which should be seen from 

 seaward a distance of 18 miles in clear weather, except on northerly 

 bearings between 351 and 41, when it is obscured by the island 

 throughout an arc of 50. 



South Point lighthouse [Lat. 47 11' 20" N., Long. 60 09' 40" 

 W.], also a white, octagonal, wooden tower 40 feet high, exhibits at 

 140 feet above high water a revolving white light which attains its 



freatest brilliancy every minute, and should be seen from seaward, 

 rom a distance of 18 miles in clear weather, except on southerly bear- 

 ings between 132 and 250, when it is obscured by the island through- 

 out an arc of 118. 



Both the lights are extinguished whenever navigation is closed, 

 without reference to any dates. The northern light is exhibited as 

 late in the season as there are any vessels crossing to Newfoundland, 

 and it is resumed in March if any sealing is being done in the neigh- 

 borhood of the island, although there may be no other traffic. 



Fog signal. During thick weather or in snowstorms a steam fog 

 whistle, on the southern point of Atlantic cove, is sounded for five 

 seconds in every minute. The fog signal building is of wood painted 

 brown, and the whistle is about 137 feet above high water. 



Cabot strait, the principal entrance to the gulf of St. Lawrence, 

 lying between the southwestern end of Newfoundland and Cape 

 Breton island, is 55 miles wide. 



