668 GEOGRAPHICAL DATA. 



Long ledge is a narrow ledge of rock, with depths of less than 5 

 fathoms, extending northeastward 4 miles from its southwestern end, 

 which bears 30, 3| miles from Long point, the channel between hav- 

 ing depths of 6 to 9 fathoms in it. The middle of the ledge lies 4$ 

 miles off the main shore ; 3 miles from Shag island ; and 2 miles from 

 the shoalest head of Round reef. From its southwestern end the ledge 

 is shoal for 2 miles. The middle part of the ledge, 1 miles in length, 

 with an average breadth of less than 100 yards, dries at low water, 

 and some small detached patches and bowlders on this are 3 to 6 feet 

 high. Northeastward of the dry part, the ledge is shoal for the dis- 

 tance of mile. 



Coal river entrance is at the southern side of a bight and close to 

 the Friar, a remarkable detached rock, 77 feet high, at If miles north- 

 ward of Rope cove. The coast between is a narrow stony beach, 

 backed by low cliffs, behind which there are extensive marshy barrens 

 with numerous small ponds and occasional clumps of trees. 



On a sandy spit, projecting from the cliff on the northern side of the 

 entrance, there are several houses, occupied by fishermen during sum- 

 mer. The fishermen living at the entrance carry their small boats to 

 the rapids, about 2 miles up, during freshets, and are thence able to 

 reach the ponds at any time for hunting and fishing. 



Bear head [Lat. 49 00' 35" N., Long. 58 29' 35" W.] is very con- 

 spicuous from the southward, whence it has the shape of a crouching 

 animal ; a projecting rock on its summit resembles the ears, and a per- 

 pendicular cliff partially detached from the shore underneath, an up- % 

 turned snout. 



The summit is 1,210 feet high, falling in a perpendicular cliff. 

 The land within the range slopes rapidly down to Coal river valley, 

 in which there are several ponds. 



Devil head, north-northeastward, 1 miles from Vide Boutille 

 cape, is 815 feet high and rises in black perpendicular cliffs, but the 

 inshore slope of the headland is covered with grass, which shows in 

 contrast to the dark cliffs. 



South head is bold-to and rises in steep black cliffs; there are 

 several pinnacles of light-colored rock at its base; the Monkey, the 

 highest of these, is 110 feet high. 



Bay of Islands [Lat. 49 10' 30" N., Long. 58 15' 00" W.]. This 

 extensive inlet is very picturesque, on account of the high hills sur- 

 rounding it, the steep high islands within, and the deep arms which 

 trend from it. 



Communication. The Newfoundland railway skirts the south- 

 eastern part of the southern shore of Humber arm above Pleasant 

 cove and at Birchy cove it connects with the weekly coasting steamer 

 (see p. 37). A steamer from Halifax calls monthly at some of the 

 ports in the Bay of Islands. 



Ice. The arms in the Bay of Islands generally freeze between 

 December 20 and January 20, and the ice breaks up suddenly between 

 April 20 and May 10 ; field ice clears away early or late in May, ac- 

 cording to the season. 



Fishing nets. During autumn large numbers of herring nets arc 

 laid in the arms of the Bay of Islands and around Woods island. 

 They are always laid parallel to the shore and usually in the depth 

 of 18 feet. The fishery continued till the middle of January in 1907. 



