670 GEOGRAPHICAL DATA. 



peninsula 1| miles long, the summit of which, mount Tortoise, is a 

 round hill 787 feet high, and thickly wooded. The harbor stretches 

 southwestward 1 miles with a slight bend to the westward and is 

 700 yards wide; there are several houses and piers on the northern 

 shore. Low point is on the northern shore at 1 mile within the 

 entrance, and a spit of shingle, which dries in places, extends south- 

 ward about 450 yards from it. 



A church, with a steeple, stands on Low point, and is noticeable 

 among the fishermen's huts and sheds. 



York harbor lies southward of mount Tortoise, and between it and 

 the foot of Blow-me-down, a conspicuous mountain 2,125 feet high. 

 A valuable copper mine on the slopes of Blow-me-down mountain is 

 being worked, and about 250 men were employed there in 1903. 



Governor island is situated nearly in the middle of York harbor, 

 and is 1 miles long in an easterly and westerly direction, with a 

 general breadth of mile. 



Pier. A pier, about 90 yards long and 16 feet broad, extends from 

 the southern shore of York harbor southward of the eastern end of 

 Governor island. There is a depth of 3 to 5 fathoms of water at its 

 outer end, which is 175 feet long, and steamers of about 3,000 tons 

 and drawing 16 feet of water go alongside it to load with copper ore 

 brought from the mine by a tramroad. 



Blow-me-down, 2,125 feet high, falls almost perpendicularly from 

 the summit, and then in a steep wooded slope from the base of the 

 cliffs to the sea. 



The shore from a point northward of Blow-me-down trends about 

 eastward 4 miles to Lower Frenchman head. 



Lower Frenchman head, or Spurn point, the western entrance 

 point to Humber arm, rises to an earth cliff 45 feet high ; a reef ex- 

 tends 65 yards northward from its high water line, and then falls 

 quickly to deep water. 



Light [Lat. 49 03' 45" N., Long. 58 09' 35" W.]. A square 

 pyramidal lighthouse, about 30 feet high and painted red and white 

 in horizontal bands, on Lower Frenchman head, exhibits at 160 feet 

 above high water a fixed white light, during the season of navigation. 



Humber arm [Lat. 49 04' 00 /5 N., Long. 58 08' 30" W.], extend- 

 ing southeastward 6 miles, and thence about eastward 7 miles, has, 

 with a few exceptions, bold shores and deep water; it affords good 

 anchorage in a few places only. Strong winds usually blow up or 

 down the arm. 



The shores generally rise steeply to wooded hills, on the sides of 

 which are houses and cultivated fields, the soil being rich. 



Bay of Islands village is a scattered hamlet extending along the 

 southern shore of Humber arm for several miles. 



It is a progressive place, possessing a branch of the Bank of Mont- 

 real, a fine copper mine a few miles off, slate quarries, and fishing 

 establishments for curing cod; it also has churches of all denomina- 

 tions. 



Bay of Islands station of the Newfoundland railway is about a 

 mile above Corner brook. 



A T-shaped railway wharf is situated at the extremity of the point 

 opposite the railway station. Coasting steamers berth alongside the 

 end. 



