GEOGRAPHICAL DATA. 673 



heavy weather there is a very high confused sea. and then small 

 vessels should keep at least 2 miles off shore. 



The coast from cape St. Gregory trends about northeastward for 

 5 miles to Big Cove head, and is composed of high cliffs, behind 

 which are wooded hills and deep ravines. 



Big Cove head is 820 feet high, and rises almost perpendicularly 

 from the sea. From the head the coast trends northeastward for 

 If miles to Trout River entrance, and the land behind it is high, 

 culminating in a summit, 1,040 feet high, the eastern side of which 

 slopes quickly down toward Trout river. 



Trout river [Lat. 49 28' 50" N., Long. 58 07' 30" W.] flows into 

 the southern corner of Trout River bay, a deep bight, and its entrance 

 is sheltered from the sea by a projecting headland. The river is a 

 small stream discharging from a series of extensive ponds, which 

 begins a little over a mile inland. 



On a sandy beach at the eastern side of the river's mouth, and on 

 the rising bank behind, there are several houses, containing about 170 

 inhabitants who are engaged in the cod and lobster fisheries. 



Communication. From Trout River settlement there is a rough 

 road to South arm of Bonne bay, and the coasting steamer, to and 

 from that place, occasionally calls off the river during fine weather. 



The coast from Trout River bay trends northeastward for 5f miles 

 to Western head of Bonne bay, and is cliffy and fronted by low water 

 rocks and ledges, extending, in places, 200 yards from the land. 



Western head [Lat. 49 33' 10" N., Long. 58 00' 30" W.], from 

 the westward, appears as the end of the high land to the southward ; 

 there are some detached rocks close off it, the highest of which is 57 

 feet high. 



Bonne lay [Lat. 49 34' 00" N., Long. 57 56' 30" W.], the en- 

 trance to which, from Western head to Lobster Cove head, is nearly 

 4 miles across, extends southeastward for about 6 miles, then separates 

 into two arms, East arm, the eastern, being 5^ miles long and about 

 mile wide ; and South arm, the western, 4 miles long and a little more 

 than mile wide. The scenery in these arms is grand and pictur- 

 esque, the shores rising steeply to high, timber-clad hills. 



The water in Bonne bay is generally too deep for anchorage, but 

 there are places in it where good shelter can be obtained in a moderate 

 depth of water. 



Sailing vessels entering Bonne bay during strong southerly or 

 westerly winds must be prepared for the violent squalls that blow off 

 the high land on the southern side. 



The principal settlement is at Woody point, on the western shore, 

 at 6 miles inside the entrance, and the population of the whole bay 

 numbers about 1,200, engaged chiefly in the cod and lobster fisheries. 



Ice. Bonne bay never freezes until the field ice appears, which is 

 generally about the middle of January, but it is then completely 

 closed with ice about 2 feet in thickness until about the middle of 

 April, when the field ice disappears. There is occasionally ice on 

 the coast, sometimes blocking it up to about June 8. 



The first vessel usually arrives early in May, and the last leaves 

 about the end of December. 



Eastern head, eastward 1 miles from Western head, is high and 

 steep ; between the heads there is a long strip of shingly beach at the 



