GEOGRAPHICAL DATA. 677 



north-northwestward direction, but with winds westward of this a 

 heavy swell rolls in, rendering the anchorage unsafe. Northerly 

 gales are prevalent in early spring and autumn. 



Cow head [Lat. 49 55' 00" N., Long. 57 49' 00" W.] is a penin- 

 sula 1 mile long in an easterly and westerly direction, | mile wide, 

 206 feet high, and densely wooded on its southern and western sides. 

 From its eastern end a low isthmus of sand and stones runs southeast- 

 ward to the main land, and separates Cow cove, on the southwestern, 

 from Cow Head harbor on the northeastern side. The northern side 

 of the head is steep-to, but rocks, which dry 2 feet, extend about 200 

 yards southwestward irom the southwestern point. 



The northern slope of the head has been partially cleared and 

 affords grazing to the sheep and cattle of the residents, whose houses 

 are situated at the eastern end. Here there is a large canning factory 

 and some landing stages, the latter getting some partial protection 

 from a ridge of dry rocks extending from the northeastern point. 



Cow Head harbor. Northeastward of Cow Head isthmus a curve 

 of sandy shore continues northward to Downes point, a distance of a 

 little over 2 miles. White Rock islets, a chain of small islets and low- 

 water rocks, nearly 1 miles long in a northeasterly and southwesterly 

 direction, lie 600 yards off Downes point, and the bight, within these 

 islets, lying between Cow Head isthmus and Downes point, is Cow 

 Head harbor. 



White Rock islets are connected with Downes point by a sandy flat 

 drying at low water, which, extending southeastward and southward, 

 occupies a considerable portion of the harbor. 



Tortoise rock, awash at low water, is in the harbor entrance and 

 separated from the rocks extending northeastward from Cow head, by 

 a channel about 100 yards wide. In the middle of this channel and 

 just inside Tortoise rock, is a rock, with 6 feet of water over it, and 

 a very narrow passage, 12 to 15 feet deep, on its northeastern side. 

 Between Tortoise rock and Thorn rock, which has less than 6 feet of 

 water over it and lies close southwestward of White Rock islets, there 

 is a depth of 9 to 10 feet of water. 



The harbor is only suitable for vessels of moderate length, and 

 drawing less than 10 feet of water, because not only is the passage 

 into it narrow and tortuous, but during northerly to northwesterly 

 winds such a heavy swell rolls in that there is great risk of touching 

 the ground ; in any case local knowledge is necessary to enter safely. 

 Inside there is anchorage in 2 to 3 fathoms of water but in heavy 

 westerly weather there is not much shelter. 



Communication. The steamer from Halifax, monthly, calls off 

 Cow Head harbor on her way to and from the northern ports. 



Evangeline banks are a series of rocky patches extending from 

 700 yards northward of Tortoise rock to the shoals westward of 

 Lower head (Stanford point). The general depths of the banks are 

 3 to 5 fathoms, but the shoalest patch of 2 fathoms bears 319, dis- 

 tant 900 yards from the northeastern grassy White Rock islet, and is 

 on a patch about 500 yards long in a northerly and southerly direc- 

 tion, and 200 yards wide. North-northeastward, 300 yards from this 

 patch, there is a patch of 2f fathoms, with 3 fathoms between. 



Inside these banks, between White Rock islets and Lower head, 

 fronting the shoaler area in Shallow bay, there is a space of water 

 with depths of 5 to 7 fathoms in it 



