ARGUMENT OF JOHN S. EWART. 1373 



ably the leader in the convention which settled the form of the 

 United States constitution, and co-operator with Hamilton and Jay 

 in the editing of the "Federalist." Another member was Charles 

 Carroll, who, after studying the civil law in Paris, went to London to 

 complete his professional education by studying the common law in 

 England. He was a congressional delegate to Canada. He was one 

 of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. The other mem- 

 ber of that committee, James Lovell, has not left any particular 

 record behind him. 



In Congress were men of very well-known names : John Dickinson, 

 to begin with, the celebrated author of the celebrated "Farmer's Let- 

 ters," because they were signed " Pennsylvania Farmer" letters that 

 probably did more than anything else to give the colonials a knowl- 

 edge of the dignity of their posititon ; Henry Laurens, who actually 

 was one of the negotiators of this very treaty of 1782 ; Edmund Ran- 

 dolph, who was at one time Governor of Virginia. He helped to 

 frame the constitution, and his biographer says that " his career was 

 brilliant, and elicited the admiration of Franklin, who generally 

 voted with him." He was Attorney-General of the United States 

 from 1789 to 1793, and was probably the Attorney-General who 

 wrote the opinion that we are now so familiar with connected with 

 the seizure of the " Grange." He was afterwards Secretary of State. 

 Eldridge Gerry, a man whose name still lives in the word "gerry- 

 mander," who was Governor of Massachusetts, and afterwards 

 829 Vice-President of the United States. Samuel Huntington, 

 President of the Congress, Judge of the Supreme Court, and 

 afterwards Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Samuel Adams, the 

 implacable and the insatiable, the enthusiastic organiser of the corre- 

 spondence committees. John Jay, Chief Justice of New York, Sec- 

 retary^ of State, negotiator of Jay's Treaty, Governor of New York. 

 Roger Sherman, one of the committee to draft the Declaration of 

 Independence, of whom Jefferson said that he was a man who had 

 never said a foolish thing although, possibly, he did a very foolish 

 one in voting as we see he did. Patrick Henry, the great orator and 

 statesman, Governor of Virginia for three years. These are all whose 

 names I think I need trouble the Tribunal with at this stage. 



Then Senator Turner said that a great change came over the posi- 

 tion of United States affairs, and their prospects with reference to a 

 successful termination of the war between 1779 and 1782, and there- 

 fore between the attitude which Congress assumed in 1779 and the 

 attitude which they might have assumed in 1782. But Senator 

 Turner got his chronology a little wrong. He put between those 

 dates the French alliance and the Battle of Saratoga, at which Bur- 

 goyne and his army were taken captive. That, however, is to put 

 those two events entirely in the wrong chronological position. The 



