180 PUPILLAEA. 



blance to Bern's vignette cited by Lamarck. See also under F. 

 scutellum Gmel. H. and A. Adams confused an oriental species 

 with this under the name of F. liiantula. 







Genus PUPILLAEA (Gray) Krauss, 1848. 



Pupillia GRAY, Synops. contents Brit. Mus. 42d edit., p. 151, 

 1840 (only a name ; no description or type indicated) ; Guide Syst. 

 dist. Moll. Brit. Mus., pt. 1, p. 167, 1857. Pupillaea Gray, KRAUSS, 

 Die Siidafric. Moll., p. 62, 1848. Sows., Thes. iii, p. 204. 



The shell is completely covered by the mantle, its edge white, 

 sharpened and grooved ; aperture very large, a little back of the 

 middle. 



Animal much larger than the shell, covered above with a leathery 

 mantle, thin at its edges ; foot much smaller than the mantle, tuber- 

 culate and wrinkled. The nature of the epipodial ridge and denti- 

 tion is not known. 



Gray neither defined the group or specified what species belonged 

 to it in 1840. Sowerby says that he mentions it in the appendix to 

 Beech ey's Narrative, but I have not been able to find it there. 



P. APERTA Sowerby. PI. 44, figs. 6, 7, 8 ; pi. 62, fig. 9. 



Shell oblong-elliptical, solid, convex, less so in front than behind ; 

 a little elevated or " gaping " at the ends, but not nearly so much as 

 F. scutellum Gray ; very prettily waved-striate concentrically and 

 finely radiately ribbed. The riblets are very close, and are narrow 

 and somewhat elevated in front and behind, but on the sides are 

 again as broad and rather flat. The orifice is very large, long- 

 elliptical, its edges rounded, and is situated a little behind the middle 

 of the shell. The edge of the shell is double, consisting of the upper 

 layer, which is colored and ribbed outside, and the inner layer, 

 smooth and white, projecting a millimeter beyond the outer layer, 

 upon which the animal is fastened by a thin coat. This peculiarity, 

 which serves to distinguish the shell from that of Fissurella, may 

 serve as an additional generic character. The shell is bluish-gray 

 with 6 dirty reddish-brown broad rays, and several lines, sometimes 

 interrupted, of the same color. Inside white and shining. (Krauss.) 



Cape of Good Hope. 



Fissurella aperta SOWB. Catal. Sh. Coll. Tankerville, appendix, p. 

 vi, 1825. F. hiantula Lam., SOWB. Conchol. Illustr., f. 10 (not F. 

 hiantula LAM. !). Pupillaea aperta Gray, KRAUSS, Die Siidafric. 



