318 PLAXIPHORA. 



but this identification rests only upon the synonymy given in Gray's 

 several lists. Waiving for the moment the question as to the 

 identity of the original carmichaelis with setiger, we notice that the 

 rest of Gray's synonymy of this species is in several respects incor- 

 rect. C. biramosus Quoy for instance, is not the same as setiger ; 

 and his list of Chitons shows a number of other errors of synonymy. 

 It is not safe therefore to trust Gray's dictum in such matters ; and 

 it may fairly be doubted whether the original carmichaelis, which is 

 described as being " scarcely keeled," one-half an inch long, etc., 

 etc., is the same as the large, strongly carinated Ch. setiger. In 

 any case, Gray's name should be ruled out on the score of faulty 

 definition. The name setiger was acceptably defined ; the species 

 was correctly located by King ; and it was sheer piracy on Gray's 

 part to shift his name from some poor little half-inch Cape of Good 

 Hope specimen to this fine large form from Cape Horn. The 

 original description of carmichaelis is as follows : 



Chiton carmichaelis Gray. Shell oblong, convex, scarcely keeled, 

 smooth, bluish-brown streaked and lined with white ; front valves 

 with distant rather broad radiating nodulose ribs ; front and back 

 margins of the lateral arese of the middle valves with a single similar 

 rib ; hinder valve smooth. Margin scabrous, brown. Length J an 

 inch, breadth f. Icon. Wood, Cat. Suppl., 1. 1, f. 10. Inhab. Cape 

 of Good Hope. Capt. Carmichael, Brit. Mus. 



Chiton carmichaelis GRAY, Spicil. Zool. pt. 1, p. 6 (July 1, 1828). 

 Not Plaxiphora carmichaelis GRAY, P. Z. S. 1847, pp. 68, 169. P. 

 vannichaelis GRAY, Guide Syst. Dist. Moll. B. M., p. 186. 



Var. FREMBLYI Broderip. PI. 67, figs. 37, 38. 



Shell oblong, flattened, olivaceous-brown, varied with whitish- 

 green lines ; anterior valve with elevated subgranose rays ; inter- 

 mediate valves angular at the sides, the lateral areas biradiate, rays 

 subgranose, intervals longitudinally subsulcate. Girdle set with 

 numerous short bristles. 



Length If, breadth 1 inch. (Brod.~) 



Bay of Valparaiso (Cuming). 



Chiton frembleii BROD., P. Z. S. 1832, p. 28. (7. setiger var. 

 Jremblii SOWB., Conch. Illustr., p. 7, f. 4. Chcetopleura hahni 

 ROCHEBRUNE, Miss. Cap Horn, Polyplac., p. 136, t. 9, f. 4 (1889.) 



This differs from P. setiger in being somewhat wrinkled concentric- 

 ally. I have not seen specimens. Broderip inserted an e in Frem- 



