UMBRACULUM. 181 



Patella umbrella MARTYN, Universal Conch., ii, pi. 102, and in 

 Chenu's reprint, Bibliotheque Conchyliologique, ii, p. 26, pi. 36, f. 1. 

 " U. umbrella Gmel.," DALL, Rep. ' Blake ' Gastrop., p. 60. 



Acardo umbella LAM., Syst. Anim. s. Vert., p. 130 (1801). 



Acardo orbicularis MEG. VON MUHLFELD, Der Gesellschaft Nat- 

 urforsch. Freunde zu Berlin, Magazin fiir die neuesten Entdeckun- 

 gen in der gesaramten Naturkuude, v, p. 63 (1811). 



Umbracalum chinense SCHUM., Essai d'un Nouv. Syst. Vers Test., 

 p. 178 (1817). 



Umbrella indica LAM., Anim. s. Vert., vi, p. 343 (1819). 

 BLAINVILLE, Malacol., pi. 44, f. 1. SOWB:, Genera of Shells, f. 1, 

 2. KRAUSS, Die Siidafrik. Moll., p. 62. REEVE, Conch. Syst., ii, 

 p. 52, pi. 155, f. 1, 2 ; Conch. Icon., xi, pi. f. 1. KUSTER, Conchyl. 

 Cab., p. 5, pi. 1, fig. 7 (1862). EYDOUX & SOULEYET, Voy. de'la 

 Bonite, Zool., ii, p. 471, pi. 27, f. 1-12. MARTENS, in Mobius' 

 Meeresfauna Mauritius, p. 309 ; Conchol. Mittheil, i, p. 104, pi. 20, 

 f. 4-7 (monstrous specimen figured). GOULD, U. S. Expl. Exped. 

 Moll., p. 311, pi. 26, f. 408. Operculatum indicum ANGAS, P. Z 

 S., 1867, p. 228, cf. PSE., Amer. Journ. Conch., vii, p. 22. 



Ombrella indica BLAINV., Man. de Malacol., p. 475, pi. 44, f. 1, 

 la, Ib (Gastroplax Blainv., Bull, des Sci. par la Soc. Philoma- 

 thique de Paris, for 1819, p. 178-182. Gastroplax tubereulosusBLV., 

 Diet. Sci. Nat. xviii, p. 177). Umbrella chinensis GRAY, in M. E. 

 Gray, Figs. Moll. Anim., iv, p. 33, and ii, pi. 163, f. 1, 2 (copies 

 from Blainv. Malacol., pi. 44, f. 1). Umbrella indica GRAY, Figs. 

 Moll. Anim., iv, p. 33, and ii, pi. 163. f. 4, type specimen in B. M. 

 of Blainville's Gastroplax, the shell removed. (This specimen also 

 the original of Blainville's figures, Malacologie, pi. 44, f. 1). 



Operculatum aurantium PEASE, Amer. Journ. Conch., iii, p. 287, 

 eonf. GLD., Expl. Exped., p. 312. 



The shell of U. sinicum is less depressed than that of U. mediter- 

 raneum, with more numerous, narrower radial waves, less undulat- 

 ing periphery and less strongly hooked apex. It is also larger. 



This is the species ordinarily known as Umbrella indica Lamarck. 

 There are, however, no less than seven properly proposed specific 

 names by strictly binomial authors, anterior to the date of indica; 

 and since the well known name must fall, there seems no reasonable 

 objection to the use of the prior of Gmelin's two specifics. Lam- 

 arck's name has held its tenure chiefly because no exposition at all 

 complete of the synonymy of this species has hitherto been pub- 

 lished. 



