xii LITERATURE OF SCAPHOPODA. 



among either worms or shell fish, Deshayes demonstrated their 

 molluscan organization ; where before insufficient specific definitions 

 had been the rule, Deshayes gave full and lucid diagnoses and good 

 figures. He was cognizant of the variations of the apical orifice, 

 and used these features in combination with the sculptural varia- 

 tions for a classification of the species, the number of which was 

 materially augmented. 



Deshayes' monograph was translated into English by G. B. 

 Sowerby, who published it in the ZoologicalJournal, iv, pp. 175-195 

 (1828), following the descriptions by judicious critical notes. 



Substantially the same matter appeared in the second edition of 

 Lamarck, and of the Encyclopedic Methodique. 



1842. CHENU, Illustrations Conchy liologiques, Vol. I, Dentalium, 

 8 pages, 7 plates. 



Both recent and fossil species are treated, 31 of the 91 species 

 being living Dentalia. Several of the others are worm tubes, and 

 there is one Cadulus. The descriptions are extremely brief, the 

 localities often lacking or incorrect, and the figures though good are 

 rather stiff. The work is supposed to illustrate the Paris Museum 

 and Delessert's collection, but the types of numerous species, such 

 as abbreviatum, novemcostatum, semialternans, virginianum, america- 

 num, alternans, fasciatum, philippii, ensiforme, cylindricfum, novum, 

 dacostianum, sowerbyi, are lacking in these collections, according to 

 a MS. note by Deshayes, written about 1870. 



1856-1857. LACAZE-DUTHIERS, Histoire de Vorganisation et du 

 developpement du Dentale, in Annales des Sciences Nat u relies (4), 

 Zoologie, vi, vii. The first accurate and thorough account of the 

 macroscopic anatomy of Dentalium, with extended and valuable 

 observations upon the embryology, formation of the primitive 

 shell, etc., is given in this paper, which remains to this day the 

 chief source of information upon the general anatomy of the genus. 



1861. M. SARS published an excellent paper upon Siphonodenta- 

 lium (Om S. vitreum, en ny Slsegt og Art of Dentalidernes Familie), 

 first directing attention to the structure of the foot in this group, 

 with other valuable observations. 



1860. G. B. SOWERBY, JR., Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Volume 

 III, pp. 97 to 104, pis. 223 to 225. A monograph of the recent 

 species of the genus Dentalium. Eighty-five specific names ap- 

 pear, of which 49 pertain to valid species, 5 are considered 

 synonyms, 17 are mentioned as fossil species, and 15 forms uniden- 

 tified or excluded from the genus. No subdivision of the genus is 



