254 LIFE OF SIR JOHN LUBBOCK ch. 



mainly Saxon, in the North-West Celtic, while in the 

 extreme South- West the basis is Iberian, akin to the 

 population of parts of Spain. Very many of those who 

 imagine themselves to be Celts, and the natural foes of 

 the Sassenach, are descendants of English colonists, 

 even in Munster and Connaught. The Parnells, Grays, 

 Moores, Burkes, Fitzgeralds, M'Mahons, Barrys, Butlers 

 are Anglo-Norman. 



I pass to North Britain. Here we are met at once 

 by the curious fact that the Saxons were in Caledonia 

 before the Scots. In fact the Scots were an Irish tribe. 

 Ireland, says Bede, " was the original country of the 

 Scots." " Ibernia propria Scotorum est patria." " Scotia 

 was originally Ireland," said Bozius, — " Scotia, quae 

 turn erat Ibernia." The Scotch came from Ireland 

 says Marianus, " Scotus de Ibernia insula natus." 

 Ireland, says Chalmers in his great work, was " known 

 at the end of the third century as the native country of 

 the Scots, and in after ages by the name of Scotland. 

 This appellation was afterwards transferred from Ireland 

 to Scotland " ; and he asserts, as the result of all his 

 enquiries, that no permanent settlement of the Scotch 

 in Caledonia took place till towards the close of the 

 sixth century. 



In fact, down to the middle ages, if a person was 

 called a Scot, it was meant that he was born in Ireland. 

 I must not overwhelm you with quotations, but, having 

 given several of the earliest authorities, perhaps you 

 will allow me to quote two of the latest. Mr. Bonwick 

 says, " the real Scotia was Ireland, whose name got 

 transferred to North Britain," and Mr. Taylor in Words 

 and Places, remarks that " the Scots, this conquering 

 Irish sept, which appears to have actually colonized 

 only a part of Argyle, succeeded in bestowing its name 

 to the whole country." Argyle is indeed the country of 

 the Gael or Irishman. 



In the north of Scotland, the Orkneys and Shetlands, 

 the population is mainly Scandinavian, Sutherland 

 being so named as the Southern portion of their territory. 

 In the east and south the population is mainly Saxon. 

 Edinburgh is a Saxon city, built by Edwin, king of 

 Northumbria, and called after him. 



Of the great Scotch families the Baliols are named 

 from Bailleul or Beliol, in Normandy, the Camerons 



