SOCIAL STATE OF ENGLAND : RICHAKD II. — HENEY VII. 31 



Northampton ; Heniy, the second duke, was beheaded at 

 Salisbury ; and of another branch of the Staffords, Humphrey, 

 Earl of Devon, perished on the scaffold at Bridgewater. Of 

 the house of Neville, Richard, Earl of Salisbury, was beheaded 

 after the battle of Wakefield ; his sons, Richard, Earl of 

 Warwick, the " Kingmaker," and John, Marquis of Montagu, 

 fell at Barnet ; a third son, Sir Thomas Neville, fell at Wake- 

 field; Sir John Neville was killed at the battle of Tow ton ; 

 Sir Henry Neville, son and heir of Ralph, Lord Latimer, was 

 beheaded after the battle of Banbury ; and Sir Humphrey 

 Neville and his brother Charles, after the battle of Hexham. 

 Of the Percys, Henr^r, second Earl of Northumberland, one of 

 the heroes of Agincourt, fell at the first battle of St. Albans ; 

 two of his gallant sons, Henry, the third earl, and Sir Richard 

 Percy, were slain at Towton; a third son, Thomas, Lord 

 Egremont, perished at the battle of Northampton ; and a 

 fourth son. Sir Ralph Percy, at Hedgerley Moor. Of the 

 house of Talbot, John, second Earl of Shrewsbury, and his 

 brother. Sir Christopher Talbot, were slain at Northampton ; 

 their kinsman, Thomas Talbot, Lord Lisle, fell in a skirmish 

 at Wotton-under-Edge. Of the Courtnays, Thomas, sixth 

 Earl of Devon, was beheaded after the battle of Towton ; 

 Henr}^ the seventh earl, w^as beheaded at Sarum ; and at 

 Tewkesbury was slain their only remaining brother, the eighth 

 earl. Of the De Veres, John, twelfth Earl of Oxford, and his 

 eldest son, Sir Aubrey de Vere, perished together on the 

 scaffold on Tower Hill. Of the Cliffords, Thomas, the eighth 

 lord, was slain at the first battle of St. Albans ; and his son 

 John, the ninth lord, at the battle of Towton. Of the house 

 of Hungerford, Robert, third Baron Hungerford, was beheaded 

 after the battle of Hexham; and his heir. Sir Thomas Hun- 

 gerford, was beheaded at Salisbury. Of the Bourchiers, 

 Humphrey, Lord Cromwell, was slain at the battle of Barnet ; 

 and Sir Edward Bourchier, brother of Henry, Earl of Essex, 

 at Wakefield. Lastly, of the house of Welles, there perished 

 the representatives of three generations : Leo, Lord Welles, was 

 slain at the battle of Towton; his son Richard, Lord Welles 



