316 CONTENTS. 



SECT. X. Class IX. Zoophytes. 



Lowest in the scale of the animated creation. Imperfectly known ....... 82 



Echinodermata, most perfect of the class. Singular mode of locomotion . . 82 

 Intestinal worms, found in all animals ; mode of production .............. 



Sea-nettles or Sea-anemones, Medusae, Polypes, Animalcules ............. 8384 



PHILOSOPHY OF NATURAL HISTORY. 

 CHAPTER 1. 



OP RESPIRATION. 



Nature and composition of the Air. Influence it exerts on the blood .... 8586 



Respiration of the Mammalia. Effects of other kinds of air 86 



Changes which take place in the air and in the blood. Animal heat 87 



Connection and mutual relation of respiration and circulation 88 



Respiration subservient to other purposes ; voice, laughing, crying, &c.. . 8889 



Respiration in Birds, how carried on. Arrangement of their lungs 90 



Objects answered by this arrangement. Voice of Birds 91 



Respiration of Reptiles. Temperature of their bodies 9192 



Respiration of Fishes. Air necessary to them 9293 



Respiration of Insects. Different modes in which it is effected 9397 



Respiration of the Crustacea, Mottusca, Worms, and Zoophytes 9798 



Respiration of Plants 9899 



CHAPTER II. 



OP THE MOTIONS OF ANIMALS. 



Motions of animals, voluntary and involuntary 100 



Nature and organs of voluntary motion IOC 101 



Nature and organs of involuntary motion 101 102 



Different motions of animals adapted to their mode of life, and propor- 

 tioned to their weight and structure 102 104 



Mode in which locomotion is performed by the sea and fresh-water Mus- 

 cles, the Limpin, Spout-fish, Scallop, Oyster, Sea-urchin, Medusa 

 or Sea-nettle 104108 



CHAPTER 111. 



OF INSTINCT. 



Instinct and mental powers of animals 109 



Difference between man and other animals in capacity for improvement . . 109 110 



