324 EXPLANATIONS OF TERMS. 



Chrysalid, an insect in its second or chrysalis state, p. 70. 



Cod, the case or envelope formed by many insects to enshroud and protect them 



during the chrysalis state. 



Comminution, grinding, or breaking up into small parts. 

 Condiments, substances taken with the food, not containing any nourishment, but 



used as seasoning, to promote appetite and digestion, as salt, pepper, &c. 

 Congeries, a collection, a heap. 

 Crustaceans, belonging to the class Crustacea, having a shelly covering with joints, 



allowing the free motion of the body and limbs. 

 Crystalline lens, a double convex lens, formed of a transparent animal substance, 



situated within the eye, and serving to collect the rays of light passing in at the 



pupil, and to transmit them to the retina. 

 Diaphragm, the midriff; a broad, thin, muscular membrane, extending across the 



cavities of the trunk of the body, and separating the thorax or chest from the 



abdomen or belly. 

 Dormant, as applied to animals, designates those which pass a part of the year in a 



state of torpidity. 



Elytra, cases, the horny or shell-like external wings of some insects. 

 Espalier, trees planted and cut so as to join. 

 Extravasate, to pass or force out of the proper containing vessels. Blood which 



settles under the skin in consequence of a blow, is said to be extravasated. 

 Farina, the dust which bees collect from the anthers and flowers of plants to form 



into wax. 



Filament, a substance long and slender like a thread. 

 Frugivorous, feeding upon fruits. 



Fulcrum, the point of support on which a lever is moved. 

 Qattinaceous, belonging to the fourth order of birds, Gail'macea 

 Gas, a term used in chemistry, nearly synonymous with air. Al fluids which 



remain in an aeriform state at the ordinary pressure and temperature of the 



atmosphere are called gases. 

 Gastric, appertaining to the stomach. 

 Gastric juice, a fluid prepared by the stomach to assist in dissolving and digesting 



the food. 



Gelatinous, of the composition or consistence of jelly. 

 Glands, organs in living bodies intended for the secretion, or separation from the 



blood, of fluids of various kinds ; as the liver, which separates the bile ; the 



kidneys, the urine, &c. 

 Graminivorous, feeding upon grass. 

 Gregarious, living in flocks and herds. 

 Herbivorous, feeding upon herbs, i. e. plants whose stems are soft and have but 



little that is woody or fibrous in their texture. 

 Homogeneous, having the same nature or principle. 

 Hydrogen, one of the elements of water , it can only be obtained in the state of a 



very light and inflammable gas. 



Imbricated, arranged like slate or shingles on a roof, or like the scales of fish. 

 fficisors, Incisive teeth, the front or cutting teeth, p. 27. 

 Incubation, the sitting upon and hatching of eggs. 

 Intumescence, swelling, enlargement. 

 Invertebral, withcat vertebra, or back-bone ; used to designate one of the two 



grand divisions of the animal kingdom, including those which have no interim 



skeleton. 

 Larva, an insect in its first state, commonly called a worm or caterpillar, p. 70 



