344 QUESTIONS. 



(P. 92.) Describe the respiration of Fishes. What is the change it 

 produces in their blood? What effect upon Fishes does the exclusion 

 of fresh air, by ice or otherwise, produce ? State the fact given by 

 ./Elian ; the experiments of Rondeletius ; of Mr-. Willoughby. 



(P. 93.) What is the arrangement for giving air to Insects ? What 

 experiment to prove the use of the stigmata ? Give an account of 

 Reaumur's experiment with Rat-tailed Worms. Describe the structure 

 of the tail. Mention the transformation of these worms. Give an 

 account of the apparatus for respiratk u in another species of Aquatic 

 Worms, described by Reaumur. 



(P. 94.) State the provision which nature makes for the supply of 

 air to animals in various stages of transformation ; for instance, the 

 Rat tailed Worm, in its first stage, as a chrysalis, and as a fly. 



What striking peculiarity in the respiratory apparatus of the nymphs 

 of the Dragon-fly ? What is stated of the nymphs of the Ephemeron- 

 fly ? What was the opinion of Clutius ? of Reaumur ? 



(P. 97.) How do the Crustacea, Mollusca^ and Worms, respire? 

 What is said of the Zoophytes ? How is the Land Snail provided with 

 air, when partially excluded from it by its winter covering? What do 

 the facts, in regard to animals of this kind, seem to prove, as to the 

 relative importance of food and air ? What singular mode of respira- 

 tion appears in the Fresh-water Snails? 



(P. 98.) Does or does not air appear indispensable to animal life ? 

 How is the torpid existence of animals that lie dormant in winter to be 

 explained? how the existence of toads enclosed in solid rocks? How 

 should these exceptions affect the general principle ? 



(P. 99.) What is said of the respiration of plants ? of plants in an 

 exhausted receiver? What are the author's views of the importance 

 of pure air for man ? What precautions does he suggest ? What ex- 

 planation of the pestilential diseases that devastate some countries ? 



CHAPTER II. 



OP THE MOTIONS OF ANIMALS. 



(P. 100.) What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary 

 motions ? What are the instruments of voluntary motion ? Describe 

 the articulations of the bones. Describe muscles ; tendons ; the 

 process which results in motion. Give the illustration. 



What is said of the appearance of the muscular tissue in Quadrupeds, 

 Birds, and Fishes ? Upon what does the contraction of the muscles de- 



