THE BRUNSWICK LAND SPOUT. 311 



inside of the spout at the surface of the earth ; and it is 

 known by mechanics, that the velocity of the air in the 

 spout upwards, would, in this case, be y'ISOO X 8 = 340 

 feet per second, or about one pound on the under surface 

 of bodies carried up, per square inch. Indeed, the force 

 would be something greater than this, because the barome- 

 ter would rise a little above the mean, at some distance from 

 the spout, on account of the outspreading of the air above 

 in an annulus, and thus increase the quantity of gravitat- 

 ing matter at a small distance from the spout a distance 

 which I am not able at present to calculate, but evidently 

 not great, as there is known to be a calm all round a tor- 

 nado, within a few hundred yards. 



The reader will now be able easily to comprehend all the 

 facts about to be detailed, and also perceive that they are a 

 true experimentum crucis, to prove the truth of the theory 

 advocated in this work. 



I should long ere this, have laid these facts, so far as col- 

 lected by me, before the public ; but they are so remarkable 

 and so conclusive in favor of my theory, that I feared there 

 might be some suspicion excited in the mind of the reader, 

 that they were colored to suit my own views. This evil I 

 knew could be entirely avoided, by waiting till Professors 

 Johnson, Henry and Bache, should hand in their testimony, 

 which I knew would be perfectly conclusive on the subject. 



The following is an extract of a paper read by Professor 

 W. R. Johnson, before the Academy of Natural Sciences of 

 Philadelphia, on the 21st February, 1837. 



176. a. Considered as a meteorological phenomenon, the 

 calamity which, on the 19th of June, 1835, desolated a part 

 of the city of New Brunswick, ir> New Jersey, is worthy of 

 the most attentive investigation. In connection with the 

 accompanying sudden, and singular changes of tempera- 

 ture, and moisture in the air, it may serve to illustrate the 



