APPARATUS AND MATERIALS. 25 



Passing from the class of apparatus which is 

 common to all photographers to that which is specially 

 adapted to naturalists, we find, as might be expected, 

 that the photographer-naturalist, like any other 

 specialist, is continually under the necessity of devising 

 fresh forms of apparatus to suit his own particular 

 requirements. As a rule, little is required beyond a 

 supply of wood, and the ability to use a hammer and 

 saw. Readers of "Wild Life at Home" will remember 

 the interesting descriptions of the artificial tree trunk 

 and rubbish heap employed by the Keartons in stalk- 

 ing. The tree trunk would be hard to beat as a 

 combination of ingenuity, simplicity, and effectiveness, 

 and is well worth a trial by anyone whose ambition is 

 the photography of wild creatures in situ. Nothing 

 could be easier than its construction according to the 

 methods described by its inventors, and it is curious to 

 note that, with the exception of this and a miniature 

 camera finder, the Keartons appear to have employed 

 no form of apparatus which would not naturally be 

 found in the kit of an amateur photographer, who was 

 also a collector of birds' eggs. Fortunately, the appa- 

 ratus which is necessary for photography by control is 

 of an equally simple character. Plate glass is the only 

 item which can be termed exceptional. Generally, 

 when it is impossible to photograph the victim in situ, 

 one of the three following contrivances suffices: A 

 packing case without any cover ; a high packing case with 

 a glass cover, and a hole through each end for the camera 

 lens ; a narrow tank with thin plate glass sides and 



