366 LITTORINID.E. 



Yar. 9. compressa. Oval, compressed or squeezed together ; 

 ribs flattened, defined by impressed lines instead of furrows ; 

 last whorl extended lengthwise and disproportionately large, 

 with the base consequently more angular than in the ordinary 

 form. 



Monstr. Keeled on the upper part of each whorl (especially 

 the last), or else in the middle or lower part. 



HABITAT : Stony beaches everywhere ; plentiful. Var. 

 1. Nestling in the crevices of rocks above high-water 

 mark.=L. sexatilis, Brown, and L. neglecta, Bean. The 

 Turbo saxatilis of Olivi is L. neritoides. Var. 2. Land's 

 End (Turton) ; Channel and Scilly Isles (Barlee, and 

 Cranch fide Leach) ; St. David's ( J. G. J.) Another 

 prettily marked variety from the Scilly Isles is grey 

 with white ridges and black furrows. Var. 3. Exposed 

 and high rocks , my largest specimens are from Shet- 

 land. Var. 4. Eddystone lighthouse (Mrs. Barbor); 

 Penzance (Bingham, fide Brown) ; Unst, three times 

 the usual size of this variety ( J. G. J.) . I never called 

 or considered it a distinct species. This appears to be 

 the Turbo labiatus of Brown and L. Sitchana of Philippi. 

 Var. 5. Dublin Bay (Branscombe, fide Clark) ; Oban 

 (J. G. J.). I have specimens nearly an inch long. 

 Var. 6. Mud-banks and salt-marshes in estuaries, with 

 Hydrobia ulvas. It is the T. ventricosus of Brown, T. 

 obligatus and T. vestitus of Say, and L. marmorata of 

 Pfeiffer. Var. 7. Occasionally on rocks in Cornwall, 

 South Wales, Aberdeenshire, and Shetland. Var. 8. 

 Sark and Shetland, on sheltered rocks. Var. 9. Not 

 uncommon on various parts of our shores. I have now 

 and then met with the monstrosity. This very common 

 species or some of the varieties have been found in most 

 of the English, Irish, and Scotch quaternary and newer 

 pliocene strata, from Moel Tryfaen to the Norwich Crag ; 



