BARN ARD1 A BARYTES. 



BARLEY is the 'IfotJcum vulgare of botanists. 

 Of this most useful plant eighteen species are 

 described. Some of these are probably only varieties, 

 because a plant so extensively cultivated, and one 

 which lias been for so long in use, must necessarily 

 undergo changes, which, however physically different, 

 may still be only variations. The most approved 

 kind for the purposes of the maltster, distiller, miller, 

 and fanner, now in cultivation, has the two opposite 

 sides of the spike fertile, and the two intermediate 

 ones sterile. This is a sign that the favourite sort is 

 only a variety. 



Cultivation. Barley is the most tender of all kinds 

 of corn ; it requires a light, rich, warm soil. The 

 land cannot be too fine tor its reception, as it will 

 hot vegetate at all if laid among rough clods. Every 

 care should bo taken by means of the plough, har- 

 rows, and roller, to reduce the surface to the finest 

 state possible ; and though it may be reduced to the 

 condition of dry dust, the seeds will rise more readily. 

 The forwardness of the season, and particularly the 

 dry mellowness of the soil, determines the time at 

 which barley may be sown. Any time between the 

 Jst of March and 1st of May is the usual seed-time. 

 The ground should be rather too dry than too moists 

 and as soon as the furrow falls loosely from the plough, 

 it is time to begin. Two ploughirigs may be neces- 

 sary, and for this crop an extra ploughing had better 

 be bestowed than that the seed be laid in roughly. 

 It is not only necessary that every seed should vege- 

 tate, but that the whole should rise together. An 

 even sample is always the most valuable, especially to 

 the maltster ; and this cannot be had unless the crop 

 rise simultaneously, as nearly at least as the means 

 und power employed will allow. 



Barley is usually sowed after turnips The ground 

 having been fallowed and manured for this green 

 crop, is in excellent order for barley when the turnips 

 are off, as <*'dl in respect of richness as freedom 

 from weeds, From two and a half to three bushels 

 of seed are sowed to the acre, usually broad-cast, the 

 surface being first harrowed down. Late sowed bar- 

 ley is sometimes ripe in nine weeks ; early sowings 

 require a longer time of course ; and the crop is 

 usually heavier, provided March and April h.ive been 

 favourable. Barley is either reaped, and bound into 

 sheaves, or mowed with the sithe, and carried un- 

 bound to the barn. The produce is according to the 

 quality of land aad style of culture, and varies from 

 three to six quarters per acre. Grass seeds are usually 

 sown with barley, and as this rises, and is cut with 

 the crop, if got up in a favourable time, it makes excel- 

 lent winter fodder for live stock. 



BARNARDIA (Lindley). A Chinese bulbous 

 j)lant, introduced in 1819. Linnaean class and order, 

 Hexandria Monogynia ; natural order, Asphodelecs. 

 'Generic character : corolla, six-petaled, spreading, 

 persisting ; stamens inserted into the base of the 

 petals ; filaments dilated at the base, fringed ; anthers 

 erect, oblong ; style simple ; germen three-celled, 

 each cell one-seeded. 



BARREN WORT. The Epimedium Alpinumof 

 -Linmeus. Class and order, Tetrandria Monogynia ; 

 natural order, Serbcridece, Generic character :- calyx 

 four-leaved ; corolla four-petaled, with four pouch- 

 like nectaries ; stamens pressing on the style ; pod 

 oblong: seeds oblong, many. This plant has blood- 

 red flowers, and is very rare in Britain. 

 i. BARRINGTON1A (Footer.) A beautiful tro- 



pical tree, very common on the Islands in the Straits 

 of Malacca. Linmean class and order, Diadetpfiia 

 Pentandria ; natural order, j\{i/r/ficea:. Generic cha- 

 racter : calyx above, two-cleft, persisting ; lobes 

 obtuse, concave, leathery ; corolla four large petals, 

 thick and tough; stamens longer than the corolla, 

 standing on a thickish ring ; filaments like hairs ; 

 anthers roundish ; style thread-like, embraced at 

 bottom by a cup-like sheath ; berry large, four-sided, 

 and somewhat pyramidal, crowned wi;h the calvx, 

 one-celled ; seeds pendulous, without albumen. '1 'his 

 is a very ornamental evergreen tree ; the lolingr, 

 flowers, and fruit are all large. The flowers art- 

 magnificent, and may be seen at the distance of half 

 a mile from the tree. 



Barring-tonia spcciosa. One-fifth the natural sizr. 



BARTHOLINA (Robert Brown). A tuberous- 

 rooted plant introduced from the Cape of Good Hope. 

 Linnsean class and order, Gynandria Monandria ; 

 natural order, Orckidecs. Generic character : sepals 

 gaping, connected interiorly with the base of the lip; 

 labellurn spurred, in three parts, multifid ; retinaculo 

 elongated, joined to the cup, glands distinct, exterior 

 lobe half cut. This plant was formerly called Arethusa 

 pectin'tta, by Linnaeus. 



BARTSIA (Linnaeus). A genus of four species 

 of annuals, three of them being indigenous to Britain. 

 Linnuean class and order, Uidi/nfiniia angiospermia ; 

 natural order, Scrophularitice. Generic character : 

 calyx tubular, edges four toothed, tips coloured ; corolla 

 gaping, upper lip erect, entire, concave ; lower lip 

 three lobed, a little rcflexed, lobes equal ; stamens 

 under the upper lips ; anthers incumbent, bifid be- 

 hind ; style with an incurved top ; stigma headed ; 

 capsule compressed, two-celled, two-valved, dissepi- 

 ment contrary to the valves ; seeds oblong, ribbed. 

 These plants "resemble the common eyebright ; and 

 the B. odontites is easily mistaken for it. 



BARYOSMA (Willdenow). A family consisting 

 of six species, evergreen shrubs cultivated in the 

 greenhouse ; native country Cape of Good Hope. 

 Linnaean class and order, Pentandria Monogynia ; 

 natural order, llutacece. Generic character : calyx 

 turbinated, unequally divided ; the two upper seg- 

 ments like wings, the lower, smaller ; standard erect, 

 keel of two petals ; pod thick, compressed, two- 

 valved, one-seeded. These are ornamental plants, 

 and nearly allied to Diosma. 



BARYTES. A very heavy earthy mineral, which 

 is not found pure in a natural state, but combined 

 either with sulphuric acid, forming sulphate of barytes 

 or heavy spar ; or with carbonic acid, forming car- 



