594 



BOTANY. 



or in opposite pairs, it is said to be a pinnated or 

 winged leaf, fig. 6. In describing such a style of 

 foliage, it is usual to particularise the number of pinna, 

 by the terms trijugous, qnadrijugous, and so on. 



Sometimes the pairs of leaflets are equal, in which 

 case the leaf ends abruptly, hence called abrupte pin- 

 natum, fig. 7. But if the petiole bears, besides the 

 side ones, a single leaflet at the end, then it is called 

 pinnated with an odd one, fig. 8. If instead of this 

 odd leaflet at the end, the extreme point of the petiole 

 be resolved into a tendril, as is the case with the pea, 

 then it is called pinnatum cirrhosum, fig. 6. 



Another form of winged leaves is called mtcrrupte 

 pinnatum. This is when between every larger pair of 

 leaflets a smaller pair is placed, fig. 11. A compound 

 leaf which has the leaflets connected by a leafy ex- 

 pansion running along the edges of the petiole, is 

 called decursively pinnate. If the petiole be articu- 



lated at the points where the pinnae are fixed, the 

 whole is called jointedly pinnate, fig. 10. When a 

 petiole is divided and bears pinnae on each division, it 

 is called a conjugately pinnate leaf, fig. 12. 



In the digitate leaf each leaflet is entire ; and there 

 are digitate leaves where the leaflets are pinnated, 

 hence called digitatum pinnatum, being both fingered 

 and winged, fig. 13. 



Bipinnate and tripinnate leaves may be easily 

 understood by a glance at the cuts on which they 

 are represented, figs. 14 and 15. 



There are some plants whose leaves are of so 

 remarkable a shape, that they do not belong to any 

 of the foregoing characters. Of these we may notice 

 the pitcher plant {Nepenthes distillatoria). The pro- 

 per leaves are lanceolate, and beyond the apex of 

 each the mid-rib protrudes like a tendril to the length 

 of several inches. The extremity of this tendril be- 



omes inflated into a bladder-like vessel, two or three 

 nelics in length, arid nearly one in diameter ; the 

 outer extremity of the bladder is open, but supplied 



with a hinged lid which shuts close upon it, like the 

 lid of a flagon, fig. 16 The vessel is always more 



or less filled with water, which appears to be distilled 

 from the plant itself, as the lid prevents rain falling 

 directly into it. No rational account has yet been 

 given of the use of this appended cistern, to the plant 

 itself, or to any other creature near it. 



There is another plant (Cephalotiis], which is 

 furnished with similar, but far more elegant appen- 

 dages of the like kind. Both are marsh plant?, and 

 therefore it is the more remarkable that they should 

 have reservoirs for the retention of the very element 

 in which they stand. 



The Dionoea muscipuh, or vegetable fly-trap, may 

 be mentioned as having leaves of very odd conforma- 

 tion. At the point of each leaf two smaller leaflets 

 are placed opposite each other, on hinges at bottom. 

 These open and shut against each other, and their 

 upper edges are furnished with bristles, which fit in 

 between each other crosswise when shut. In fine 

 weather they are generally wide open ; and should a 

 food-seeking fly creep into the furrow between the 

 leaflets, these suddenly collapse and crush the intruder 

 to death. 



Of Bracte This is a foliar appendage which 

 accompanies the flower, but different from both the 

 proper leaves and the members of the flower in shape 



Bracte of the lime and helleborus. 



and texture, and frequently in colour. Though most 

 commonly seated below the florets, as in Justttia, and 



