BOTANY. 



COS 



Syngenesia. 



Segreg;ata. 



The type of the order is the splendid sunflower, 

 with which many of the same style of flowering 

 plants are arranged, such as the rudheckia, coreopsis, 

 &c. 



The fourth order is called NECESSARIA, because 

 the florets of the disk or centre of the flower, being 

 all male, it is necessary that those of the ray or margin 

 should be female, in order that there may be perfect 

 seed, and which is found to be the case in all plants 

 ranked in this order. Calendula and arctotis, exotics 

 chiefly from the Cape of Good Hope, are two of the 

 most conspicuous genera in this order. 



The fifth order of 

 Syngenesia is called 

 SEGREGATA,because 

 the florets have each 

 its proper calyx (dif- 

 ferent fromthe peri- 

 anth of the floret), 

 besides the common 

 anthodium or exte- 

 rior calyx ; or there 

 are several florets 

 contained in each 

 calyculus. All the plants in this order are exotic 

 herbs and under shrubs, the globe thistle being the 

 most common in British gardens. 



To the above five orders Linnaeus added a sixth, 

 called MONOGAMIA, in contradistinction to the other 

 orders which are polygamous. The plants which 

 stood in this sixth order were such as had their 

 stamens united, as in the other orders of the class, 

 but had simple flowers, not aggregated florets. The 

 genus Lobelia was one, but which is, as well as all 

 the others (except one) of the order Monogamies now- 

 placed in the class Pentandria Monogynia, 



The twentieth class is GYNANDRIA, containing all 

 plants which have their stamens seated upon the 

 pistillum. This class comprises one hundred anc 

 ten genera, and four hundred and thirty-seven spe- 

 cies. The species are generally herbaceous, with 

 tuberous roots, curious gouty, or climbing stems, man) 

 are epiphytes growing on trees, or flourishing in 

 rotten vegetable matter in moist places. Some o 

 their flowers are splendid, many highly fragrant, anc 

 all of remarkable conformation. The class is dividec 

 into three orders, viz. : 



Gynand ia. 



Hexaniiria. 



Diandria. 



Monandria 



Order one is MONANDRIA, containing plants whicl 

 have one anther seated on the pistillum. This orde 

 comprises some of the most attractive wild Britisl 

 plants ; as the orchis, ophrys, epipactis, &c. These 

 however beautiful, are excelled by those of the same 

 tribe from America and other parts of the world. 



The second order is DIANDRIA, flowers having tw 

 anthers seated on the pistillum. In this order w 

 find one of the greatest British beauties, namely, th 



adies' slipper, found in damp woods, and particularly 

 n the north of England ; but they never can be 

 )lentiful, because the moment the flowers appear 

 bey are gathered and torn up without mercy. 



The third order is HEXANDRIA, containing plants 

 .vhich have six stamens seated on the pistil. This 

 >rder has only one genus, namely, the Arisfolochia 

 >r birthwort, a very curious family of climbing 

 exotics ; one only being found in Britain, viz., the 

 A. clematitis. 



The twenty-first class is MONCECIA, consisting of 

 )lants which have male and female flowers separate 

 >ut on the same root. This class contains one hun- 

 dred and forty-seven genera, and one thousand and 

 ifty-two species. It may here be observed, that in 

 syngenesious flowers the unisexual florets stand sepa- 

 rately, but are included in the same cover ; here they 

 also are separate, but in distinct covers 



This class is divided into ten orders, viz. 



Order one is MONANDRIA, that is separate male 

 lowers bearing one stamen. Five genera are con- 

 tained in this order, one of which is the celebrated 

 Mooted*. 



Diandria. 



Monandria. 



bread fruit tree, a native of the South Sea Islands. 

 The only British genus arranged here, is the Zanni- 

 chellia palustris, the common pondweed. 



Monoecia. The second order is DIANDRIA, 



naving distinct male flowers bear- 

 ing two stamens. There are only 

 four genera in this order, three 

 of them exotic, and one British, 

 namely, the common duckweed, 

 the small floating plant which 

 forms " the green-mantle of the 

 standing pool." 



The third order is TRIANDRIA, 

 consisting of plants having separate 

 male flowers bearing three sta- 

 mens. Here are a few tropical 

 trees, and a great many coarse 

 European grass-like plants. The 

 cat's-tail and bar-reed, are common 

 aquatics, found in many parts of 

 Britain. The maize or Indian corn 

 also ranks in this order. 



The fourth order is TETRANDRIA, 

 includes all plants whose separate 

 male flowers have four stamens. 

 Here we find the alder and birch, 

 Triandria. forest trees ; the box and mulberry 

 trees ; the common nettle, and the well known 

 foreigner Aucuba Japonica. 



The fifth order is PENTANDRIA, containing all 

 monoscious plants whose male flowers bear five sta- 

 mens. The amaranthus is most conspicuous here. 



The sixth order is HEXANDRIA, separate male 

 flowers, furnished with six stamens. The plants of this 

 order are chiefly palms, or allied to that tribe. The 

 cocoa nut and sago palms are here, as well as the acro- 

 coinia and others. 



