CALLICARPA CALLIONYMUS. 



667 



head-shaped leaves, elevated on long footstalks, sur- 

 rounding its large trumpet-shaped white flower, is in 

 figure very like that of the common spotted arum, 

 called cuckoo pint, or wake Robin, frequent under 

 hedges in many parts of Britain. 



CALLICARPA (Linnaeus). A genus of shrubby 

 plants, natives of America, China, and the East 

 Indies. Linnaean class and order, Tetrandria Moiiu- 

 gynia ; natural order, Verbcnacece. Generic character : 

 calyx of four sepals ; corolla limb somewhat bell- 

 shaped, with the border in four lobes ; stamens pro- 

 truding ; berry four-seeded. 



CALLICERUS (Gravenhorst). A, small but 

 curious genus of Rove-beetles (JBmclielytra), belong- 

 ing to the family Aleockaridte, at once distinguished 

 by the great length of the two last joints of the 

 antennae, and by the large oval penultimate joint of 

 the palpus. The type CaUiccnis Spenc'ri, named in 

 honour of Mr. Spence, is exceedingly rare in England, 

 but was captured, during the course of the last season 

 (18'5-i), in Battersea-fields. 



CALLICOMA (Botanical Repertory). Of this 

 genus there is only a single species, a native ever- 

 green shrub from New South Wales. Linna?an 

 class and order, Dodecandiia Digi/nia ; natural order, 

 CunoniacecE. Generic character : calyx of four sepals; 

 stamens below the germen ; filaments long and hair- 

 like ; anthers oval, fixed by the back, two-celled ; 

 style divaricate ; fruit two-seeded. Flowers are col- 

 lected in heads, having an involucrum of four leaflets. 

 This is an elegant green-house plant. 



CALLIDIUM (Fabricius). A very extensive 

 genus of beetles, belonging to the section Tetramcra, 

 and family Cerambycidce : and distinguished by the 

 comparative shortness of the antennae, which are 

 filiform rather than setaceous. The thorax is not 

 armed at the sides with spines, being either globose, 

 orbicular, or subcylindric, and (in the latter case) 

 only slightly dilated at the sides, the palpi are 

 short, and terminated by a somewhat triangular joint. 

 Some of the species, which are generally of a moderate 

 size, are elegantly ornamented with bands of various 

 colours, whilst others are entirely of a red, or violet 

 colour. They are found amongst timber, and it is 

 not improbable that some of the species admitted into 

 our catalogues have been imported in foreign timber, 

 as is the case also with some of the Buprcstid<s ; 

 others, as Callidium bajulum, are extremely destruc- 

 tive, the larvae boring through posts, rails, &c. It is 

 likewise very injurious to the rafters of houses, the 

 larva; making its way, by means of its powerful jaws, 

 even through leaden coverings. 



CALLIGONUM (Linnaeus). A genus of one 

 species, which is an ornamental under shrub. Linnaean 

 class and order, Dodecandria Tetragynia ; natural 

 order, Polygomce. Generic character : calyx of five 

 obtuse, reflexed, persisting sepals ; corolla none ; 

 stamens inserted in the base of the calyx ; fila- 

 ments persisting ; styles three or four, bearing stigmas ; 

 nut four-sided, four-winged, one-seeded, sometimes 

 spinous. 



CALLIMORPHA (Latreille). A genus of le- 

 pidopterous insects, as the name implies, of very 

 elegant appearance, placed by Mr. Stephens in the 

 family Lythosiidee, but by Latreille amongst the 

 Pseudo-Bombycus. The wings are deflexed (being 

 somewhat ot a triangular form) ; the antenna) are 

 only ciliated in the males ; the palpi are three-jointed, 

 and but slightly clothed with small scales ; and the 



spiral tongue is longer than the head. The type of 

 the genus is the pink under-wing moth, a handsome, 

 although common species, having the upper wings 

 black, with a line and two spots crimson, the under 

 wings of the latter colour bordered with black. The 

 larvae are slightly hairy, of a black colour, with yellow 

 rings. It feeds upon the Jacobcea Scnecio. The 

 moth is stated to appear in May, but we have found 

 it throughout the summer. 



CALLIONYMUS (Dragonet). A genus, or, in 

 its largest sense, a group of acanthopterygious fishes, 

 belonging to the Gobioidce, or gudgeon family, in 

 Cuvier's arrangement. They have two very well 

 marked characters; first, their gill-openings consist 

 of only a hole on each side of the neck ; and, 

 secondly, their ventral fins are placed immediately 

 on the throat, much extended and widely spread, and 

 very considerably larger than the pectorals. Their 

 head is oblong, and much depressed or flattened. 

 Their eyes are placed near to each other, and directed 

 upwards ; their muzzle is capable of considerable 

 protrusion ; their gill-flaps are much extended back- 

 wards, and terminate in spines. They have no 

 teeth in the palate. Their colours are in general 

 brilliant, and often strongly contrasted. Their skin 

 is smooth. Their first dorsal fin is supported by seta- 

 ceous rays, which are often very much produced, and 

 give their profile or side view a very peculiar 

 appearance ; their second dorsal extends as far as the 

 anal ; and they have a produced appendage behind 

 the vent. They have no air-bladder. There are 

 several species, or perhaps genera, not more than one 

 of which is found, or at least common, in the British 

 seas. That one is 



C. LYRA (the gemmous dragonet) This species 

 has the first ray of the first dorsal fin extending as far 

 as the tail, the fin itself being much elevated. It is 

 usually about a foot long, with the body rounded 

 and smooth, the mouth wide, the gill-flaps with 

 spines, and the last rays of the second dorsal and 

 the anal fin the longest. Its colours are very bright, 

 the prevailing one is yellow, but there are spots of 

 white, and very bright ones of blue and purple. On 

 the English coast, it is generally called the yellow 

 gurnard, and on that, of Scotland, "gowdie" (golden). 

 A variety has been described as C. dmcuncnlns, which 

 has the same general characters and nearly the same 

 colours, but the first ray of the dorsal fin is very 

 considerably shorter. It has been supposed that this 

 is the female of the other variety ; and there is some 

 probability in the supposition. This is perhaps the 

 case with many of our rarer fishes ; and therefore 

 those who obtain specimens should always be careful 

 to ascertain the sex, in order to prevent each sex from 

 being regarded and described as a species. In this 

 family in particular, and indeed in all fishes which 

 have produced rays, or other appendages of which 

 the use is not very well ascertained, there is gene- 

 rally some difference in those parts of each sex. 



In the warmer seas, the Mediterranean especially, 

 or rather because the fishes of that sea are more 

 accessible, and have been longer observed than those 

 of the wide oceans, there are some other species, 

 among which we may notice 



C. LACERTA, which has the first dorsal very much 

 lower than in the former species, and the second (in 

 the male) very much^higher; and the caudal fin long 

 and pointed. The sides are marked with lines of 

 black and white, and with silvery spots. 



