CALLORHYNCHUS CALOSTEMMA. 



CC9 



circularly ; germens numerous, sitting within the 

 scaly calyces. 



This tree has been hitherto kept in our green- 

 houses, and it is at present doubtful whether it may 

 be naturalised in this country. 



CALLORHYNCHUS. A genus of cartilaginous 

 fishes, belonging to the Chimtera family, and con- 

 taining only a single species (C. antarclicus), the 

 Southern Chimera. The principal characters are : 

 only one apparent breathing hole on each side of the 

 body, though there are five which unite in that one, 

 each leading to one of the cells in which the gills 

 are contained (see CHONDROPTEKYGU and FISH, for 

 the structure of the breathing apparatus of the order) ; 

 they have a rudimental gill-lid contained within the 

 skin ; their jaws are much smaller, and less capable 

 of extended opening than those of the sharks ; and 

 they have, instead of teeth, four broad plates on the 

 upper jaw, and two on the under. They have the 

 muzzle produced considerably in advance of the 

 mouth, as in the sharks ; but it is perforated with 

 pores in all the family. This formation of the 

 muzzle gives them a very singular appearance, and 

 has procured for them the name of Chimsera. In 

 the species, or rather genus, under consideration, it 

 is extended in a flat lamina, of the form of a spade or 

 hoe, and of a fleshy consistency. There are two 

 dorsal fins, the second commencing immediately over 

 the ventrals, and ending over the commencement of 

 that under the tail. They are found in the warm 

 seas, and are ranging or discursive fishes. 



CALLUNA (Salisbury). A new generic name 

 given to one of our commonest heaths, which was 

 supposed to be somewhat different formed from the 

 generality of the heath family ; but the name is not 

 adopted. 



CALOCHILUS (R. Brown). A new genus 

 belonging to the Orchis family, introduced from New 

 Holland. Linnaean class and order, Gynandria Mo~ 

 nandria ; natural order, Orchidece. Generic charac- 

 ter : calyx a ringent perianthemum, lateral sepals 

 seated on the outside of the labellum, the inner ones 

 sitting, small and erect ; labellum sitting, elongated, 

 pointed, and bearded ; anthers parallel with the 

 stigma. Like others of this curious order, the roots 

 are tubers, and the plant requires greenhouse treat- 

 ment. 



CALOCHORTUS (Pursh.). A genus of bulbous 

 rooted beautiful plants, from Columbia. Linna-an 

 class and order, Hcxandria Trigynia ; natural order, 

 LiliacecE. Generic character : calyx of three sepals, 

 coloured within ; petals of the corolla inversely egg- 

 shaped, bearded within ; stamens short, and seated 

 under the germen ; filaments plane ; anthers erect 

 and arrow-shaped ; stigmas recurved ; capsule three- 

 celled ; seeds smooth. This is a very remarkable 

 kind of lily ; the flowers are splendid, though fugi- 

 tive, but succeed each other for a considerable time. 



CALODENDRON (Thunberg). This is, as its 

 name imports, a beautiful tree, a native of the Cape 

 of Good Hope. Linna?an class and order, Pentandria 

 Monogi/nia ; natural order, Rutacea:. Generic cha- 

 racter : calyx five-parted ; petals of the corolla 

 clawed ; stamens alternately sterile and fertile, glan- 

 dular at the apex ; fertile stamens tuberculated ; 

 anthers bearing glands ; style simple ; capsule five- 

 celled, five-valved, and cell containing two seeds. 

 This tree is in European collections, and has a place 

 in the greenhouse. 



CALOPHACA (Fischer). A leguminous plant 

 found in Siberia, allied to the CyliMts, and with which 

 it has been ranked bv Linnaeus, and several other 

 botanists. 



C ALOPH YLLUM (Linnaeus). A genus of timber 

 trees indigenous to the East Indies. Linnsean class 

 and order, Polyandria Monogynia ; natural order, 

 Guttifcree. Generic character : calyx of from two to 

 four sepals ; corolla of four petals, somewhat round, 

 spreading ; stamens numerous, and inserted below 

 the germen ; filaments like threads, slightly united 

 at the base ; antheis oblong and erect ; style simple ; 

 stigma concave ; drupe fleshy, globular, one-seeded ; 

 putamen fungous within. These are highly orna- 

 mental trees, both flowers and foliage being hand- 

 some ; their juice is resinous, and applied to several 

 useful purposes. In British collections they are kept 

 in the hothouse, and are propagated by cuttings or 

 layers. 



CALOPOGON (R. Brown). So called from the 

 lip of the flower being beautifully bearded or fringed. 

 Linnaean class and order, Gynandria Monandria ; 

 natural order, Orchidees. Generic character : calyx 

 a perianth of five sepals; these are lance-shaped, the 

 exterior ones oblique, the interior narrow : the label- 

 lum behind, clawed ; the limb bearded ; column 

 jointed, incurved, winged at top ; anthers terminal. 

 This plant was long known in collections as the Limo- 

 dorum tnberosnm, and is well worth cultivating. 



CALOSOMA (VVeber). A very splendid genus 

 of beetles belonging to the section Pentamera, and 

 family Carabidce, or Ground Beetles. It is distin- 

 guished from the true Carabi by being winged. The 

 jaws are without teeth ; the abdomen is broad , the 

 maxillary palpi terminate in a large joint ; and the 

 four posterior tibia? are curved in the males of some 

 of the species. These insects are of highly-polished 

 and metallic colours, and, unlike the majority of the 

 family to which they belong, they are found in trees, 

 notwithstanding their large size ; hence the necessity 

 of their being furnished with wings is perceived, and 

 hence one of the incidental connexions between the 

 splendour of their colouring and the exposed nature 

 of their habits. Thus, if we look throughout nature, 

 we find that, in every group of animals, those species 

 which are more especially exposed to the light are more 

 gaily ornamented with colours ; and this generally 

 holds good even between those species which reside 

 in temperate climates and those which are exposed 

 to the blaze of the tropical sun. The Calosoma 

 sycophanta (Linnaeus) is nearly an inch long, with the 

 head and thorax of a fine dark blue, and the elytra of 

 a rich copper colour. Its larva lives in the nests of 

 various gregarious caterpillars, upon which it feeds, 

 gorging itself to such a degree as to fall an easy 

 prey to younger larvae of the same insect. The 

 perfect insect, as well as the other British species, 

 Calosoma inquisitor, are generally found in oak-trees, 

 but both are rare in this country. The genus is 

 widely distributed, and Dejean enumerates twenty- 

 eight species. 



CALOSTEMMA (R. Brown). A bulb from 

 New Holland, cultivated as a green-house plant. 

 Linnaean class and order, Hcxandria Monogynia , 

 natural order, Amaryllideoe. Generic character : peri- 

 anth funnel-shaped, six-parted ; the crown, or nec- 

 tarium is within the tube, twelve-toothed, each alter- 

 nate one awl-shaped, and bearing versatile anthers ; 

 style filiform ; stigma obtuse ; berry roundish, with 



