670 



CALOTHAMNUS-CALYCOTOME. 



one seed. This bulb like others, is propagated by 

 off-sets. 



CALOTHAMNUS (Labillardiere). A genus of 

 handsome New Holland shrubs, introduced into 

 England abut thirty years ago. Linnaean class and 

 order, Polyadelphia Polyandria ; natural order, Myr- 

 tacece. Generic character : calyx four-toothed, per- 

 sisting ; corolla of four petals ; phalanges of the 

 stamens elongated, coloured ; anthers oblong and 

 erect ; half of the filaments sterile ; capsule three- 

 celled, many-seeded, and intimately connected with 

 the thickened tube of the calyx. These are green- 

 house plants and propagated by cuttings. 



CALOTIS (R. Brown). A green-house peren- 

 nial herb from New Holland, belonging to the natural 

 order Composites. 



CALOTROPIS (R. Brown). A genus of two 

 species, natives of India. Linnaean class and order, 

 Pentandria Digyrda ; natural order, Asclcpiadece. 

 Generic character : corolla somewhat bell-shaped; 

 issuing from a kind of bag at the base ; crown and 

 limbs approaching and pressed together, revolute at 

 the base, points two-toothed ; follicles smooth. This 

 plant has been long known in British collections as 

 the Asclepias gigantea. It is .one of the commonest 

 ungle plants on the coast of Coromandel, and met 

 with growing in loose sand. 



CALTROPS. This is the genus Tribidus of 

 Tournefort, and has its trivial name from its thorny 

 seeds, which resemble those instruments of war thrown 

 in the way of cavalry to lame the feet of the horses. One 

 of the species is a common weed in the East Indies, 

 and most annoying to the unshod natives. Linnaean 

 class and order, Decandria Monogynia ; natural order, 

 Zygophyllece. Generic character : calyx of five sepals ; 

 petals of the corolla spreading ; stamens alternately 

 inserted in the base of the petals, the others below 

 the germen ; filaments filiform ; anthers oval, open- 

 ing longitudinally ; style thick, conical ; stigma 

 five-ribbed ; seed-vessel or berries five, tuber- 

 culed or spinous on the outside, containing each one 

 seed. 



CALYC ANTHER. Carolina allspice family. 

 A natural order of dicotyledonous plants, containing 

 two genera and eight species. It is allied to the 

 Rosacecs, Pomacece, and Myrtacece, and is distin- 

 guished from these orders by its imbricated sepals, 

 and its anthers being turned outwards. 



The characters of the order are, sepals and petals 

 confounded, imbricated, and combined into a fleshy 

 tube ; stamens indefinite, inserted into a fleshy rim 

 at the mouth of the tube, "the inner ones sterile ; 

 anthers adnate, turned outwards ; ovaries several, 

 simple, one-celled, with one terminal style ; nuts 

 enclosed in the fleshy tube of the calyx, one-seeded ; 

 seed without albumen. 



The plants of this order are beautiful hardy shrubs 

 with square stems, opposite, rough leaves, and axil- 

 lary yellowish or lurid purple flowers. They are 

 found in North America and Japan. 



Their wood presents a singular structure, which 

 may be said to combine both the exogenous and 

 endogenous mode of growth. Besides the usual 

 deposit of concentric circles round the central pith, 

 there are also four imperfect centres of deposition on 

 the outside next the bark. 



The Calycantheye are propagated by cuttings and 

 layers. Their general properties are aromatic, and 

 their flowers are highly odoriferous. 



The genera of the order are Calycanthus and Chi- 

 monanthus. 



The Chimonanlhus fragrans flowers early in spring, 

 and diffuses a most delightful odour. 



CALYCANTHUS (Linnaeus). A genus of hardy 

 shrubs, natives of America, and which form one of the 

 orders of the natural system. Linnaean class and 

 order, Icosandria Polygynia ; natural order, Calycan- 

 tlie<z. Generic character : calyx a much divided 

 coloured perianthemum ; corolla none ; stamens 

 numerous, inserted into the neck of the calyx ; anthers 

 oblong, two-celled, adnate ; styles many, compressed ; 

 stigmas glandular. Some of these plants have been 

 long in our shrubberies, and are propagated by 

 layers. 



CALYCERE^E. A natural order of dicotyle- 

 donous plants, containing three genera, and only a 

 few species. It is allied to Comj>o.iiffe and Dlpmcece, 

 differing from the former in its pendulous albuminous 

 seeds and superior radicle, and from the latter in its 

 united filaments, and partly distinct anthers. 



The characters of the order are, tube of the 

 calyx adnate with the ovary, limb of five unequal 

 segments ; corolla funnel-shaped, with a long slender 

 tube, and five . segments, each of which has three 

 principal veins ; stamens five, monadelphous ; anthers 

 combined by their lower half into a cylinder ; ovary 

 one-celled ; ovule pendulous ; style simple, smooth ; 

 stigma capitate ; fruit an indehiscent pericarp ; seed 

 solitary, sessile. 



The plants of this small and curious order are 

 herbs with alternate leaves, and terminal or axillary 

 flowers collected into heads. They are natives of 

 South America, and are not remarkable for their 

 beauty. Their properties are not known. The 

 genera of the order are Calycera, Acicarpha, and 

 Boopis. 



CALYCIFLOR^E is the second sub-class of the 

 first sub-division (Dichlamydece}, of the first class 

 (Dicotylcdonecc) of the natural system. It contains 

 all the polypetalous plants, which have the petals 

 inserted in the calyx. This sub-class comprises one 

 thousand one hundred and forty-nine genera, and 

 eleven thousand four hundred and thirty-five species, 

 arranged in sixty orders. 



C ALYCOTOME. The title of one of the tribes 

 of the genus Cytisus. 



CALYPSO (Salisbury). A genus containing two 

 species of .North American orchideous plants. Lin- 

 naean class and order, Gynandria Decandria ; natural 

 order, Orchideae. Generic character : sepals of the 

 calyx distinct, four turned down, and five erect ; 

 labellum ovally-oblong, slipper-shaped, with a spur ; 

 column jointed ; pollen in two masses. This plant 

 has borne several names since it was first discovered. 

 LinnjEus called it a C'ypripedeum; Willdenow named 

 it Limodorum, and others Orchideum. Salisbury's 

 name is most generally adopted. 



CALYPTRANTHES (Swartz). A genus of 

 tropical trees, found in both Indies. Linnaean class 

 and order, Icosandria Monogynia ; natural order, Myr- 

 tacea:. Generic character : calyx with an obovate 

 tube, limb entire, and deciduous like a cap ; stamens 

 joined to the tube of the calyx ; filaments capillary ; 

 anthers roundish, two-celled ; style simple ; berry 

 one-celled, with strong scented seeds. This genus 

 are handsome trees, and some of them furnish good 

 timber. 



CALYPTRION (Gingina). A genus of two 



