684 



CAMPELIA CANCELLARIA. 



tall handsome plant, which is cultivated in Holland 

 as an ornament for halls and staircases. It was 

 formerly very fashionable in this country, and is still 

 frequently reared in drawing-rooms. It continues in 

 flower for two or three months when left in the shade. 

 Campanula latifolia is also a species which, from the 

 beauty of its flowers, finds a, place in our gardens. 

 The young shoots, deprived of their epidermis, are 

 boiled and eaten as greens about Kendal. Campanula 

 glomerata is a very beautiful rock plant, well de- 

 serving of cultivation. In Campanula linifafia, before 

 the panicle is produced, the leaves corne out in a 

 kind of rose on the summit of the stem. This appear- 

 ance vanishes as the panicle expands. The roots 

 are eaten in China both raw and boiled. The root 

 and young shoots of Phyteuma spicata are used in 

 Switzerland as articles of food. The roots and young 

 shoots of the Canatina campanula are also used as 

 food by the inhabitants of the Canaries. 



CAMPELIA (Richard). An herbaceous peren- 

 nial, indigenous to the West Indies, separated from 

 the old genus Tradescantia. Linnaean class and order 

 Hexandria Monogynia; natural order Cammeliacece. 

 It differs from Tradescantia in having a three-lobed 

 stigma, and a berry-like capsule. 



CAMPHOR TREE is the Cinnamomum camphora 

 of R. Brown, and the Laurus camphora of Linnaeus. 

 This highly fragrant forest tree is a native of the 

 South-eastern parts of China and the neighbouring 

 islands. Extensive groves of it are met with on 

 both sides of the Canton river. The aromatic drug, 

 camphor, is extracted from this tree, and it prevails 

 more or less in the bark or wood, or leaves of all its 

 congeners, viz. the cinnamon, cassia, sassafras, and 

 even down to the sweet-bay of our gardens. All the 

 species are propagated by layers and cuttings. 



CAMPHOROSMA (Linnaeus). A genus so 

 called, because of its scent being like that of cam- 

 phor. It contains one under shrub, and two annuals, 

 natives of the south of Europe. Liimaean class and 

 order Tetrandria Monogynia; natural order Chcno- 

 podc<e. They are plants of no beauty. 



CAMPILODON (Notacanthus of Bloch). A 

 genus of fishes, of which the history is very imper- 

 fectly known. There is but one known species, 

 which is an acanthopterygeous or spinous-finned fish, 

 belonging to the Scombrroida:, or mackerel family, 

 and as such an inhabitant of the surface, and a ranging 

 fish, instead of being confined to the banks, as is the 

 case with most bottom fishes. It inhabits more nor- 

 therly than any other known species of the family, 

 being found only in the polar seas, and there very 

 near the ice. It is a poor fish, with the body very 

 long in proportion to the thickness, and much com- 

 pressed, covered altogether with small scales of a soft 

 texture. The snout is obtuse, and projects forward 

 beyond the mouth. The teeth are very fine, and 

 closely and evenly set ; there are two detached 

 prickles, or spines, on the back ; the ventral fins are 

 placed backwards ; the anal fin extends as far as the 

 point of the tail ; and the caudal fin is very short. 

 Nothing whatever is known of its habits, or of the 

 time or place of its breeding. 



CAMPION. A name adopted from Pliny for the 

 Cucubalus baccifer of Linnoeus, and belonging to the 

 class and order Decandria Trigynia, and in the natu- 

 ral order Caryophyllcce. Generic character: calvx bel- 

 lying, cut into five revolute teeth, persisting ; corolla 

 ha bifid petals, claws slender ; stamens inserted 



alternately with the ba?e of the petals, and round the 

 germen ; style like threads, persisting; capsule a 

 berry, one-celled, with many seeds; placenta central 

 and free. This is a common British weed, in hedges 

 and in fields or poor ground, and is not easily 

 extirpated, by reason of its long and tough root. 



CAMPYLANTHUS (Roth). A genus of plants 

 containing a single species found in the inland of 

 Teneriffe. It is a pretty little diandrious plant, and 

 belongs to the order Pritnulacece. 



CAMPYLUS (Fischer; ExopHTH/vrMusLatreille). 

 A genus of coleopterous insects belonging to the 

 section Peutamera, and family of the Elatcridee, or 

 skip-jack beetles ; being at once distinguished from 

 the remainder of this extensive family by the exposed 

 base of the head ; the large and globose eyes, the 

 long antennae inserted beneath the elevated lateral 

 margins of the head and the linear body. The genus 

 comprises only one British species, the Klater lincnns 

 of Linnaeus ; but which is so exceedingly variable in 

 colour, although not in form, that it has been regarded 

 by many entomologists, including Linnaeus, as con- 

 stituting several distinct species, the Elater mcsoHielas, 

 Linnaeus, being one of these varieties. Mr. Stephens 

 has, however, obtained the most complete evidence 

 of the specific identity of these varieties. This insect 

 is about half an inch long, varying in colour and 

 spots from pale huffish red to black. It is generally 

 distributed throughout England and Wales, and is 

 found in hedges. 



CANADA RICE. Is the Zizania aquation of 

 Linnaeus, belonging to Moiicecia Hex'indria, and to 

 the natural order Grammas. It is a water plant 

 resembling rice, but the seeds are smaller and inferior. 



CANADIAN MUG WORT. Is the Artemisia 

 Canadensis of Michaux ; and only found in the bota- 

 nical collections of this country. 



CANARINA (Linnat-us). A genus of two spe- 

 cies of herbaceous perennials introduced from the 

 Canary islands. They are allied to the campanulas ; 

 flowering in our stoves in autumn and winter when few 

 other plants are in bloom. The roots rest during 

 summer when they require but little water. At the 

 commencement of their growth, the late Mr. Sweet 

 advises, that the plants be moved into the stove, 

 where they will flower much more strongly than if 

 kept in the greenhouse. They are increased by 

 dividing the roots ; or by cuttings placed in a mix- 

 ture of loam and moor-earth under a hand glass. 



CANARY-BIRD. See CARDUELIS. 



CANARY-GRASS. Is the Phalarix Canaricnsis 

 of Linnoeus. It is cultivated in England, and other 

 places for the sake of its grain, chiefly for the pur- 

 pose of feeding cage-birds and poultry. 



CANCELLARIA (Lamarck). A genus of mo- 

 luscs, blended with the genus Valuta by Linnaeus. 

 They are, however, very unlike the Valuta, properly 

 so called, Maitra marginella, or any other of the 

 newly-formed genera, now separated from the genus 

 Valuta. Many of the cancellaria are sub-canaliculated 

 at the base, which never takes place in any species 

 of Valuta. The shell is oval, globose and rugose ; 

 the spire moderate , aperture oval, with a very short 

 canal at the base, sometimes hardly visible ; the 

 interior of the opening grooved; the colurnella with 

 a few, or numerous irregular plaits, the greater 

 number transverse; the exterior striated, cancellated, 

 and generally rough to the touch ; it has a horny 

 operculum, and all the species are marine. 



