CHITON E LL U S CHLENACE^. 



of hair or calcareous tubercles, as in the C. marmo- 

 ratus. 3rdly, The species, whose form are similar to 

 the preceding, the valves generally smaller, all the 

 terminal ones much imbricated, without marked 

 areas ; the lateral portion of the mantle either quite 

 naked, or as if coriaceous, as in the C. piccus. 4thly, 

 The species more or less cylindrical, vermiform, 

 nearly naked ; the foot very narrow, as if articulated ; 

 the branchia in the posterior half of the body only ; 

 the valves very small, often separated or not imbri- 

 cated, and always visible, as in the C. lacvis, consti- 

 tuting Lamarck's Oscabrclla. 5thly, The species with 

 the valves narrower, imbricated, without distinct areas, 

 the lateral parts of the skin naked or hairy, but 

 always furnished with tufts of silk or hair, arranged 

 in pairs, as in the C.fascicularis ; and lastly, Such spe- 

 cies as are more or less cylindrical, vermiform, nearly 

 naked, the valves of the shell very small, almost 

 entirely concealed beneath the skin, with tufts similar 

 to the preceding section, as in the C. larveeformis, 

 which constitutes Lamarck's genus Chitoncllus. These 

 shells sometimes attain a large size, measuring four 

 inches in length ; but they usually do not exceed 

 two inches. They are found in every sea, the larger 

 ones in warm latitudes ; but the shells of the last 

 division have only as yet been found in Australia. 

 One of a small size is found on the British coast. 

 Fossil species are rare, but detached valves are 

 sometimes met with in the calcareous sand formation, 

 in the neighbourhood of Paris. 



CH1TONELLUS (Lamarck). A species of 

 mollusc, forming one of the divisions of the genus 

 Chiton, of De Blainville's system (which see). It 

 inhabits the coast of New Holland, and from its 

 external valves never being interlocked, it has the 

 power of moving laterally as well as forward. 



CHITONIA (D. Don). Handsome shrubs and 

 trees, natives of South America and the West Indies. 

 Linnoean class and order, Decandria Monogyma ; 

 natural order, MelastomacecE. Generic character : 

 calyx of four parts, deciduous ; petals orbicular ; 

 stigma pellate and hemispheric ; seed vessel four- 

 celled, four-valved ; seeds two in each cell ; arillo 

 fleshy and banded. The plants of this genus were 

 formerly included in the genus Mclastoma, but have 

 been separated by Mr. D. Don. 



CHIVES. A diminutive species of the onion 

 tribe, called by botanists Allium sckcenoprasitm. It is 

 not bulbous ; but grows in thick tufts, producing an 

 abundance of slender delicate leaves, having the true 

 onion flavour, and very useful in dressed salads, 

 when small green plants of the common onion are 

 not to be had. There is, or always should be, a 

 small bed of chives in the herb border, the leaves 

 being often useful in cookery, as well for garnish- 

 ing as for salads. There should also be a few 

 pots of chives kept in every garden, in order to be 

 placed in a hot-bed or hot-house, to afford a supply 

 during winter. In the open ground they require to 

 be frequently cut off, to induce a fresh growth of 

 leaves. Chives are propagated by divisions of the 

 root, and like a shady situation. 



CHL^ENIUS (Bonelli). A very extensive genus 

 of Coleopterous insects, belonging to the section Pen- 

 tamera, family Carabidcc, and sub-family Harpalldes, 

 and to that subdivision in which the anterior tarsi 

 alone of the males are dilated, the basal joints being 

 large, square, or rounded, or the Patellimancs of 

 Dejean. The palpi are rather long, with the terminal 



31 



joint slightly oval, squared off at the tip ; the tooth at 

 the middle of the chin is bifid, and the three basal 

 joints of the males are dilated. These insects are 

 amongst the most elegant species of the family, being- 

 ordinarily of a fine opaque green colour, and clothed 

 with a down, whence their generic name ; some few 

 species have, however, the body smooth and shining. 

 They appear to be distributed over the whole surface 

 of the globe ; none, however, are yet recorded to 

 have been found in New Holland. They emit a 

 very powerful and disagreeable alkaline odour. The 

 Count Dejean has described sixty-six species in his 

 " Species General," but in his new catalogue there 

 are llo belonging to this genus. There are seven or 

 eight British species, of which the Carabus marginatris, 

 Linnaeus, ( Vestitus, Fabricius,) is the most abundantly 

 met with. Their habits do not materially differ from 

 the other allied genera. 



CHLAMYPHORUS. A genus of mammalia 

 belonging to the order Edentata; and nearly allied 

 to the armadillos, though different from them in many 

 respects. The characters are : ten teeth of uniform 

 size ; five toes on each of the feet, with nails on the 

 fore feet very strong, crooked, compressed laterally, 

 and forming very powerful weapons either for digging 

 or for defence. The back is covered with a succes- 

 sion of scaly pieces ranged transversely ; but there is 

 no shell either at the anterior or the posterior part, 

 as is the case with the armadillos. These pieces are 

 attached to the spine only. The animal is not above 

 five or six inches long ; like the rest of the tribe it is 

 found in the interior of South America, and it spends 

 the greater part of its time under ground, for bur- 

 rowing in which its powerful claws on the fore feet 

 are well adapted. 



CHLAMYS (Knoch). A genus of coleopterous 

 insects, belonging to the section Tetramcra, and fa- 

 mily ChrysomelideB, comprising a considerable number 

 of minute but curious species from Brazil, having the 

 body short and very irregular above, the head verti- 

 cal, the antennae short and serrated, and the labial 

 palpi furcate. Two excellent monographs of this in- 

 teresting genus have been given by Messrs. Kollar 

 and Klug ; some of the species have the appearance 

 of morsels of rough precious stones, being of a rich 

 metallic colour. In their habits they are, probablv, 

 herbivorous, like the majority of the family to which 

 they belong. 



CHLENACE^E. A natural order of dicotyledo- 

 nous plants, containing five genera and eleven known 

 species. Many authors consider this order as allied to 

 the mallow tribe, on accountof its involucrated flowers, 

 and monadelphous stamens. Jussieu however thinks 

 that, in consequence of its petals coalescing at the 

 base, and its seeds being albuminous, it bears an afti- 

 nity to Ebenacece, or the ebony family. The plants 

 of the order do not seem to be sufficiently well known 

 to enable botanists to determine their exact position 

 in the natural system. The essential characters of 

 this order, as given by Decandolle, are : involucre 

 one to two-flowered, persistent, varying in form and 

 texture; sepals three, small; petals five to six, hypo- 

 gynous, broad, and sometimes slightly coalescing 

 at the base; stamens sometimes numerous, at other 

 times only ten ; filaments somewhat combined into a 

 tube at the base, or adnate with the tube of the 

 petals ; anthers two-celled, roundish, adnate or free ; 

 ovary single, three-celled ; style one, filiform , stigma 

 triple; capsule three-celled, or by imperfection only 



