C I M E X- C I N C H O N A C E .E. 



47 



by having the antennae short and knobbed at the tip, 

 and composed of only four, five, or six joints ; the wings 

 are large, with the costal and sub-costal nerves of the 

 upper pair soldered together ; the spurs of the tibia; 

 are blunt, and the joints of the tarsi are provided 

 beneath with spongy cushions. These insects are 

 amongst the largest species of the saw-Hies, whose 

 curious economy in the formation of the eells for the 

 reception of their eggs and the apparatus with which 

 they are furnished for forming these cells will be sub- 

 sequently related. They are produced from large 

 fleshy larvae which greatly resemble the caterpillars of 

 lepidoptera, whence they have been termed by the 

 French entomologists "fausses chenilles," but they are 

 provided with a greater number of legs, the true cater- 

 pillars not having more than sixteen, whilst the larvae 

 of cimbex have twenty-two, the eleventh segment of 

 the body being alone destitute of these organs. It is 

 acurious circumstance that larva 1 so closely resembling 

 eaeh other, as those of cimbex and some of the moths 

 belonging to the family Noctnidcc, should produce 

 insects so totally different. In their former state they 

 both feed upon the leaves of the same tree, and their 

 whole appearance is so similar that it would be impos- 

 sible for a person unused to entomological pursuits to 

 conceive which of the two would produce the moth, 

 whilst in their perfect state no two insects would be 

 found more unlike, in characters, habits, appearance 

 and structure. The transformation of two of the 

 largest species, Chnbcx lutca and ni/lvanim. have been 

 observed by Lyonnet, whose excellent figures, pub- 

 lished in his posthumous researches, represent the 

 entire structure of the insects in great detail. The 

 larva- of the former, having obtained their full growth, 

 descend into the earth in the month of July, where 

 they form cocoons of a very firm consistence, in 

 which they undergo their change to the pupa state, 

 the rlies making their appearance shortly afterwards. 

 CIMEX (Linnaeus). A group of insects of very 

 considerable extent, forming in the Linnaean system 

 a single genus under this name, belonging to the 

 order Hcmiptera. In the modern system of entomo- 

 logy, this group has been divided into numerous 

 distinct families, each comprising various genera and 

 sub-genera, and the whole has been raised, under the 

 name of Geocorisa, or land bugs, to the rank of one of 

 the three divisions of the heteropterous portion of 

 the order Hcmiptera, the two other divisions havin 

 for their types the genera Ncpa and Notonecta of 

 Linnaeus. As a group, therefore, the Gcocorisa, of 

 Linnsean cimex, is distinguished by the antennas 

 being exposed, longer than the head, composed of 

 four or five joints and inserted between the eyes, 

 near to their inner margins. The tarsi are three- 

 jointed, the basal joint being often very small, 

 the body is of an oval or oblong form, the legs 

 are formed for running, the wings are membrana- 

 ceous, not longitudinally folded, and covered, when at 

 rest, by a pair of wing-covers, of which the basal 

 portion is of a leather-like consistence and opaque, 

 whilst the extremity is membranaceous and more 

 transparent, the thorax or rather the prothoracic 

 segment is of a large size and performs the office of a 

 thoracic shield as in the coleoptera, whereas in the 

 homopterous division of the order it is small ; the 

 wings and wing-covers when at rest are horizontal or 

 at least bv.t slightly inclined sometimes, as in the 

 bed-bug, they are entirely wanting. The mouth con- 

 sists of an elongated and articulated proboscis, includ- 



ing several fine setae which are employed in wound- 

 ing vegetable or other substances upon which these 

 insects feed. Latreille has divided this group into 

 various families, or rather sub-families, to which the 

 following names have been applied : 



1st. The Pentntomidcc, having the antennae five- 

 jointed, the rostrum four-jointed, the labrum or upper 

 lip long and transversely striated. 



2nd. The Core/dee, having the antennae four-jointed, 

 the rostrum four-jointed, the second joint longer than 

 the third, the ocelli at the same distance from each 

 other as from the eyes. 



3rd. The Lygceidce, differing from the latter in 

 having the second joint of the rostrum shorter than 

 the third, with the ocelli placed near the eyes. The 

 species are of small size and obscure colours, and are 

 generally found in the ground. 



4th. The Capridee, being destitute of ocelli, and 

 having the terminal joint of the antennas very slender 

 and the rostrum four-jointed. 



5th. The Cimicidae (Membranacece, Latreille), 

 having the rostrum very short, and only two or three 

 jointed, the labrum short and not striated. 



6th. The Reduviidcc, having- the rostrum very short, 

 but exposed, curved, and of considerable strength, and 

 the head is narrowed behind into a neck. 



7th. The Acantkiid<E, having the rostrum three- 

 jointed, but long and straight, the body of an ovaJ 

 flattened form, the head not narrowed into a neck, 

 and the eyes very large and prominent. These 

 insects are of small size, very active and frequent the 

 borders of streams. 



8th. The Hydrometridee, having the body long and 

 narrow, the four hind legs generally inserted at the 

 sides of the body, so as to be employed in skimming 

 on the surface of the water. 



Under the word BUG we have made some general 

 observations upon the habits and transformations of 

 this group of insects, as well as upon the fifth of the 

 families given above. Referring our readers thereto 

 we shall consider the present article as one relating 

 rather to the modern classification of the Linnaean 

 Cimices, and shall therefore only add that M. De 

 Laporte has lately published a valuable work upon 

 this branch of the hemiptera, in which various other 

 sections of inferior value are given, in the Magazin 

 de Zoologie of M. Guerin. 



CINCHONA (Linnieus). A genus of two species 

 of Peruvian trees or shrubs, yielding the famous 

 Jesuits' bark, so celebrated as a febrifuge. Linnwan 

 class and order Pentandria Mtmogyma; and natural 

 order Rufriacete. Generic character: calyx five 

 toothed; corolla funnel shaped; limb of five spread- 

 ing parts ; stamens attached to the tube, sometimes 

 included; anthers linear, two celled, bursting length- 

 ways ; style simple ; stigma cleft, capsule two celled, 

 many seeded, opening in the middle ; seeds winged, 

 with a notched margin. The bark is obtained from 

 the trees in their native country, and exported in 

 great quantities to all parts of the civilised world. 

 These plants have long been introduced into British 

 collections, but are still rare. Ripened cuttings strike 

 root under careful management, in moist heat. 



CINCHONACEvE cinchona family. A natural 

 order of dicotyledonous plants, containing two hun- 

 dred and twenty three genera, and upwards of nine- 

 teen hundred species. This order has been by many 

 authors denominated Rubiacece, on account of the 

 genus Rubia or madder, having been included undei 



