CLOVE TREE C NET HOC AM PA. 



to be relished by sheep, as rank tufts of it may be 

 seen when all the surrounding herbage is closely 

 eaten down. 



A new variety of trefoil (not of the cow-grass how- 

 ever) has lately been introduced under the name of 

 T. incarnatum, or scarlet trefoil, which bids fair to be 

 a useful agricultural plant ; and no doubt many of the 

 species of this family or varieties of them exist, espe- 

 cially on the continent, which are yet unknown to 

 farmers, but which if known might be of great import- 

 ance in improving our sheep pastures. 



CLOVE TREE is the CaryopJiyllus aromaticus of 

 Linnaeus, a native tree of the Molucca Islands, culti- 

 vated for its flower-buds, a valuable spice known by 

 the name of cloves. The tree is of a middling size, 

 rising to the height of twenty feet or more ; and as 

 the flowers are collected by hand-picking, many 

 labourers must be employed to get together the large 

 quantities annually imported into Europe. Specimens 

 of the clove tree are seen in our hothouses, but they 

 are rare, owing to the difficulty of keeping them 

 through the winter. They, however, may be increased 

 by cuttings under proper treatment. 



" CLUYTIA (LinnseusX A genus of evergreen 

 shrubs from the Cape of Good Hope. Linnaean class 

 and order Dicecia Monadelpkia, and natural order 

 EupkorbiacefE. Generic character : flowers dioacious ; 

 calyx five-parted ; petals five ; five glands, alternat- 

 ing with bifid or trifid appendices seated below the 

 germen ; stamens collected in a column, diverging ; 

 anthers fixed by their back, and two-celled ; styles 

 thrice divided, and reflexed ; fruit three-berried. This 

 genus has white flowers and is rather ornamental ; 

 they are free growers and increased by cuttings. 



CLYTHRA (Laicharting). A very extensive 

 genus of coleopterous insects, belonging to the section 

 Tetramera, and family ChrysomelidcB, and distinguished 

 from Cryptoccphalus, to which it is nearest allied, by 

 its longer and more cylindric body, the shortness of 

 its antenna?, which are serrated along the inner margin 

 from the third or fourth joint to the tip. The head 

 is often very large in the males, with the jaws 

 stronger and more advanced in front, and the fore 

 legs longer than in the opposite sex. There are 

 about seventy species of this genus, described or 

 indicated in Dejean and other works; of these not 

 more than five are inhabitants of this country, in- 

 cluding the typical species Chrysomela quadripunctata, 

 Linnaeus, about five lines long, of a black colour, with 

 the elytra yellowish red, each having two black 

 spots. Its larva resides in a leather-like case, 

 which it drags about with it. That of Clytra longi- 

 mana lives in an oviform case, apparently of a calca- 

 reous or earthy substance, joined by a gummy cement, 

 and covered with red hairs, the origin of which 

 Huber, who first discovered them, could not account 

 for. 



CLYTUS (Fabricius). A genus of coleopterous 

 insects, belonging to the section Tetramera, and 

 family CerambycidtE, and distinguished by its globose 

 thorax, and the shortness of its palpi, which are 

 terminated by a large nearly triangular joint. The 

 body is long and nearly cylindric. The antennae are 

 not so long as the body, differing in this respect from 

 the majority of the family. The species are of 

 moderate size, and are for the most part .elegantly 

 marked with bands of various contrasted colours ; 

 amongst them may be mentioned the wasp-beetle, 

 (Leptura ^trietis, Linnaeus), a very common British 



species, found during the hot summer months in gar- 

 dens, hedges, woods, upon umbelliferous flowers, and 

 particularly upon the trunks of trees, within which 

 they have passed their preparatory states. This 

 species is generally nearly half an inch long, black, 

 with the thorax and elytra banded with gold colour 

 There are five or six other British species ; some 

 however, appear to have been imported from America 

 in timber, and found alive in this country. 



CNETHOCAMPA (Stephens). A genus of 

 lepidopterous insects, belonging to the family JSom- 

 bycidcE, and nearly allied to Clisiocampa, from which 

 it differs in having longer wings, which are " slightly 

 reversed, obscurely diaphanous, antenna; short, 

 slightly curved, bipectinate in the males, serrated 

 in the females ; abdomen of the latter sex with 

 a woolly mass at the apex." But it is in the inter- 

 esting economy of the two remarkable species of 

 which the genus is composed, that the more striking 

 characters are to be found ; the first of these is the 

 Bombyx processioned, Linnaeus, a native of Europe, 

 although not yet ascertained to tie British. It is 

 about an inch and half in expanse, with the wings of 

 an ashy brown colour, those of the females having 

 an obscure band, and of the males with three dusky 

 streaks. It is to Reaumur that we are indebted for 

 an account of the curious economy of the larva 1 of 

 this species, to which he gave the name of the pro- 

 cessionary. They are found congregated in societies 

 of six or eight hundred on the oaks, forming, when first 

 hatched, a temporary nest on the branches ; this they 

 abandon from time to time, forming a larger camp 

 until they have attained two thirds of their growth, 

 when they unite their labours and construct one 

 general nest, attached to the trunk of the tree, about 

 eighteen inches long, composed of a greyish silk, 

 resembling the bark on which it is attached, or rather 

 appearing at a distance like a mass of lichens, being 

 in shape like an irregular knob or protuberance, rising 

 from the surface of the tree not less than four inches ; 

 between the trunk of the tree and the silken cover- 

 j of the nest, an orifice is left which serves for 

 the egress of the inhabitants, which takes place in 

 the curious manner, whence the specific name has 

 originated : towards sunset, when the colony go in 

 search of food, with a regularity of the most asto- 

 nishing nature, a solitary caterpillar first appears at 

 the head of the procession, and by whose movements 

 ;hose of his followers are regulated ; three or four 

 then follow in a line, one by one, the head of one 

 touching the tail of the preceding ; then follow an 

 equal series of pairs, next of threes, and so on as far 

 as twenty or thirty ; the order however is sometimes 

 varied, by the leader being followed by two, then 

 ;hree, and so on. They remain amongst the leaves 

 eeding during the night, generally returning before 

 morning, although some may be occasionally found 

 during the day in masses, heaped one upon another 

 out of the nest. The larvae shed their skin several 

 imes, and in doing so, disengage the numerous short 

 lairs upon the surface of the body ; hence Reaumur 

 tells us, that ladies to whom he exhibited the nests 

 upon the oak, were shortly afterwards affected, their 

 necks, which had been bare, being covered with 

 troublesome tumours, occasioned by the hairs lodged 

 upon them by the wind. In like manner Reaumur 

 suffered severely for several days, from having 

 ;ouched the caterpillars with his naked hands, 

 jeing ignorant of the cause, and having rubbed his 

 E2 



