COPRIS CORIARIE.E. 



18? 



in America, but the native coppers of Japan and 

 15razil are usually alloyed by gold. It is commonly 

 accompanied by quartz, heavy spar, and calcareous 

 spar, except in Cornwall. Mineralised by a certain 

 proportion of oxygen, it forms a beautiful mineral, 

 called the red oxide of copper, which assumes a great 

 variety of forms, all of which may be traced into the 

 regular octahedra ; but with an increased proportion 

 of oxygen, it assumes a black hue, and is mostly 

 pulverulent. 



The foliated and compact red copper ore occurs in 

 different veins in the mine of Huel Gorland, in Corn- 

 wall. All the veins traverse granite, and three of 

 them, viz. the North Lode, the Great Gossan Lode, 

 and the Muttrel Lode, afford the red copper ore. 

 In the North Lode it is associated with fluor spar. 

 In the Great Gossan Lode it occurs in considerable 

 quantity, and is occasionally intermixed with native 

 copper ; higher up in the same vein there is abun- 

 dance of fluor spar, sometimes intermixed with 

 arsenical pyrites, and copper pyrites. In the Muttrel 

 Lode the copper ore is occasionally accompanied with 

 'opper glance, or vitreous copper ore, black oxide of 

 copper, olivenite, arsenical pyrites, quartz, and fluor 

 spar. It is also found in several other mines. Small 

 portions of this ore occurs, along with native copper, 

 in the trap-rocks of Nalsoe, one of the Faroe Islands : 

 also in the mine of Aardal in Norway, and Garpa in 

 East Gothland, in Sweden. It occurs but sparingly, 

 and along with native copper, in the Kemmclsberg, in 

 the Hartz ; near Freyberg, along with native copper, 

 ochry-brown iron ore, lamellar, heavy spar, and quartz. 

 In Asia this ore of copper occurs in the Uralian chain 

 of mountains, and also in the mines of Kolywan. In 

 America it is principally found in Chili and Peru. 

 Both the blue and green carbonate of copper are 

 found in a native state, the latter under the name ot 

 MALACHITE, which see. 



COPRIS (Geoffroy). A very extensive genus ol 

 coleopterous insects belong to the section Pentamera 

 and sub-section Lamctticornes, and family Scarabidae 

 having the body large and thick ; the antenna? termi- 

 nated by a three-jointed fan-like club ; the head anc 

 thorax often armed with powerful horns, especially 

 ia the males j the scutellum appears entirely wantin 

 and the four posterior tibia; arc strongly dilated anc 

 obliquely truncate at the extremity. The Coun 

 De Jean enumerates eighty-four species of this genus 

 which are for the most part inhabitants of the warme 

 quarters of the globe, especially frequenting Africs 

 and the East Indies, where they are important agents 

 in the economy of nature, the eggs being buried in 

 the excrement of various animals, within which the 

 larvae feed and the beetles are perfected. The species 

 which we have figured in our plate of beetles, from 

 the collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope, is the Copris 

 isidis of Savigny, one of the largest insects in the 

 genus, of a black colour (as indeed are all the species' 

 with reddish hairs in front of the thorax ; it is fron 

 Egypt. There is only one British species, the Scara 

 bains tunaris of Linnaeus (the Scarabasm emarginatu 

 of Fabricius being merely the female). It is of ; 

 black colour, with the single upright horn in th 

 middle of the head in the male. It is nearly an inch 

 long, and may be occasionally found emerging frorr 

 holes made in the ground beneath cow-dung, am 

 taking flight towards sunset. 



CORALLIFERA, a numerous order of marine 

 animals belonging to the class POLYPI, which see. 



CORDIACEyE. A natural order of dicoty.e- 

 lonous plants, containing six or eight genera, and 

 ipwards of fifty species. It is closely allied to 

 BoraginecE, and by many authors is looked upon as 

 a section of that order. It is distinguished, however, 

 )y its general habit, its plaited cotyledons and dicho- 

 omous style. It bears an affinity also to Convolvu- 

 lacece, from which it differs in its inverted embryo and 

 drupaceous fruit. 



The essential characters of the order are : calyx 

 nferior, five-toothed : corolla monopetalous, with the 

 imb in five divisions ; stamens alternate with the 

 segments of the corolla, out of which they arise ; 

 ovary superior, four celled, with a pendulous ovule in 

 :ach cell ; fruit a four-celled drupe ; embryo inverted ; 

 :otyledons plaited or shrivelled longitudinally ; seeds 

 without albumen. 



The plants belonging to the order are trees with 

 panicled, bracteate flowers, and alternate rough leaves 

 without stipules. They are found in tropical regions 

 in both hemispheres. 



They generally yield emollient and mucilaginous 

 fruit, but little is known in regard to their properties. 



The chief genera of the order are : Cordia, Varronia, 

 Gcraschanthus, Ccrdana, Cordiopsis, and Mffnmsi 



Cordia mi/xa is a large tree, growing in the East 

 Indies, and yielding a yellow-coloured fruit the size of 

 a cherry, which is eaten by the natives. The bark of 

 the tree is tonic, and is used in Java in cases of fever. 

 Its wood is tough and solid, and is employed to pro- 

 cure fire by friction. The leaves are bruised with 

 those of Dxiura mctcl, and applied to the forehead in 

 headach. A kind of glue is prepared from the fruit. 



Cordia aebestcnn is a very ornamental tree, on 

 account of its large tubular scarlet flowers. Its wood 

 is odoriferous when burnt ; a small bit of it put on a 

 pan of heated coals will perfume a whole house. 

 From the juice of the leaves, with that of a species of 

 fig, the inhabitants of Otaheite procure a fine red 

 colour, with which they dye their clothes. The fruit 

 of this and the last-mentioned species are commonly 

 known by the name of sebesten plums. These are 

 occasionally brought to Europe in a dried state, and 

 their pulp is said to act as a laxative. 



Cordia collococca is called in India clammy cherry 

 or Turkey berry tree. Its leaves are used in that 

 country to feed poultry. 



CORIARIEJS. A natural order of dicotyle- 

 donous plants, containing only one known genus and 

 seven species. It is allied to Ochnaceee, but differs in. 

 having no style, and in its stigmata being long, linear 

 and distinct. It also resembles Rutacea; the rue 

 family, and has some affinity with Connaraccce. The- 

 essential characters of the order are : flowers either 

 hermaphrodite, monoecious or dioecious ; calyx five 

 partite ; petals five, fleshy, with an elevated keel in 

 the inside ; stamens ten, of which five arise between 

 the lobes of the calyx and angles of the ovary, and 

 other five between the petals and the furrows of the 

 ovary ; filaments thread like ; anthers oblong, two- 

 celled ; ovary on a fleshy disc, five-angled and five- 

 celled ; no style ; five long awl-shaped stigmas ; five 

 carpels which are one-seeded, and close together 

 when ripe ; seed pendulous, without albumen ; embryo 

 straight ; radicle superior ; cotyledons fleshy. 



The plants belonging to this order are : shrubs 

 with opposite square branches, opposite entire leaves, 

 scaly buds, and terminal racemes, which arc leafy at 

 the base. They are found in various parts of the 



