DOG. 



si r 



with certainty, he can trace the footsteps of all other 

 animals. They are variously coloured, but generally 

 of a sand colour, or black. Those which are thus 

 coloured are certainly the most hardy, and can be 

 depended on more. When pied or white, it is a rare 

 sign of the impurity of the breed. The hair of the 

 terrier is hard, long, and matted, over almost every 

 part of the body. His bite is extremely keen. There 

 are three distinct varieties of the Scotch terrier, 

 namely, the one above described ; another about the 

 same size as the former, but with the hair somewhat 

 flowing, and much longer, which gives a short appear- 

 ance to the legs. This is the prevailing breed of the 

 western islands of Scotland. The third variety is 

 much larger than the other two mentioned, varying 

 in height from tifteen to eighteen inches, with the 

 hair very irony and hard, and not so long as that of 

 the others. The best bull terriers have been pro- 

 duced from this breed. Amongst the higher order of 

 sportsmen the terrier is preserved in its greatest 

 purity, and with the utmost attention ; and it seems 

 of the areatest importance not to increase its size, 

 which would render him unfit for the purposes in 

 which he is employed, that of entering the earth, and 

 driving other animals out of their burrows, for which 

 his strength, make, and invincible ardour, peculiarly 

 fit him. 



THE ENGLISH TERRIER. In appearance this is a 

 much more handsome dog than the Scotch terrier, 

 being much smoother in the coat, and much more 

 lively in the colours. Generally speaking, the back, 

 the sides, the neck, and the top of the head and the 

 tail, are black ; and the belly, the throat, and a spot 

 over each eye, clear reddish brown. The hair over 

 the whole body is very strong, but short and glossy ; 

 the head is small, and the muzzle of moderate length ; 

 the ears are also small, partially erected, and turned 

 over at the tips ; the tail is rather short, and blunt at 

 the end, so as to appear as if it had been shortened 

 artificially ; it is carried partially elevated, but not 

 recurved. Dogs of this description are very common, 

 and vary much both in their size and quality. The 

 difference between the smooth glossy coat of this 

 terrier, and the rough and wiry one of the Scotch, is 

 another instance, in addition to that of the greyhound 

 of the two countries, of the effect of a colder climate 

 in roughening, and of a warmer climate rendering more 

 smooth, the coverings of these animals ; and it will 

 be borne in mind, that there is the same difference in 

 the wild dog of India, as found in the southern parts 

 of that country, and in the mountains of Nepal. 



There are several other terriers named and de- 

 scribed in the more extensive works on sporting 

 dogs ; but, though they differ in appearance, from 

 climate and other circumstances, their general 

 characters are everywhere nearly the same. 



We shall now give a short account of those dogs 

 which are generally used in shooting, and which are 

 remarkable for the fineness of their scent, for their 

 docility, the gentleness of their manners, and the 

 strength of their attachment to man. Many of them 

 are chiefly used in the capture of ground birds, such 

 as partridges and grouse, and others chiefly in fowling 

 for water birds ; but they are so docile, so gentle in 

 their manners, and often so handsome, that very many 

 of them are kept as house or pet-dogs, and not a few 

 are carriage companions of persons of high rank 

 and when they are so, they are honoured with a place 

 inside, and not left to run like the spotted do: 



Each dog is in its element, however, in this ; for, 

 while the great attachment of the riding dog is to the 

 riders, that of the running dog is to the horses. 

 When used in sporting, some of these dogs start or 

 spring the game, while others merely point at it. 

 The dogs which start game are generally called 

 spaniels, but sportsmen often name them according 

 to the kind of game which they are employed in 

 raising. 



SPANIELS. The chief difference between spaniels 

 and the other dogs used in shooting is, that the 

 spaniel gives tongue the instant that he scents the 

 jame, and by that means raises it, so that the sports- 

 man may take aim at it on the wing, which is the 

 only gentlemanly way of shooting winged game. They 

 are comparatively weak dogs, and their bite is not 

 very formidable, but they are exceedingly active. 

 The Springer, or true spaniel, used in springing game, 

 bears a considerable resemblance to the setter in 

 shape, but is much smaller in size. The colours are 

 red, liver-coloured, yellow, and white ; their ears are 

 very long, soft, and pliable, and covered with long 

 and very silky and delicate hair ; the tail hangs 

 down, and is bushy, but it is in continual motion 

 while they are hunting. The Cocker is much smaller, 

 but far more lively and active than the spaniel, and 

 he is so fond of sport, that he can be kept running 

 the whole day long without apparent fatigue. Of the 

 pet spaniels there are many breeds, of which King 

 Charles's, and the Blenheim, or Marlborough, are 

 among the most esteemed. Smaller sized than even 

 these, there is an endless variety, but, except for 

 their beauty and attachment, they are of but small 

 value ; though all spaniels, from their restlessness, 

 and the proneness they have to give tongue on the 



The Spaniel. 



lea=t alarm or noise, make excellent watch-dogs 

 inside a house, they are too feeble and too delicate 

 for being of much value out of doors during the night. 

 There is one variety, however, which is an excep- 

 tion to this, and that variety is, 



THE ALPINE SPANIEL, or DOG OF ST. BERNARD. 

 This is a dog far exceeding every other spaniel in 

 size and strength, and also in beauty and sagacity. 

 In the last respect, he is perhaps superior to every 

 other do-. A full-grown one measures six feet form 

 the point of the nose to the end of the tail, and stands 

 at least two feet high at the shoulder. The offices 

 which these beautiful and highly interesting dogs 

 perform are very different from those to which 

 bloodhound has often been degraded ; and the follow- 

 ing account of their labours, services, and sufferings, 

 will be read with interest : 



