LT "VT X^ 37 A 

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Lepidacea, we know not, but every reason tends to 

 point out that such must be the case; these are 

 therefore the only important similar characteristics, 

 while the distinctive ones are far more remarkable. 

 The lingula also cannot be a carnivorous animal, not 

 possessing the strong horny or ciliated processes that 

 enable the Lepulacca to crush and, as it were, masti- 

 cate their food. These shells are found in the Indian 

 Ocean and Molucca Islands. Two species are men- 

 tioned, besides, that described by Lamarck, but we 

 only know of this one. De France describes two 

 fossil genera. In the arrangement of De Blainville's 

 Malacology, this genus is the first of the order Pal- 

 Oobranckiata, first section ; and in Lamarck's system 

 it is the first genus of the class Conchifcra, first order 

 Monontyaria, first tribe timchiopoda, in which he 

 includes the genera Tcrcbratula and Orbicnla. 



LINN^EA (Gronovius). A genus named in 

 honour of the celebrated Linnanis. It belongs to 

 Didynamia. angiospermia, and natural order Caprifo- 

 liact'o;. Generic character : calyx double ; the ex- 

 terior four-cleft; interior five-cleft; corolla bell- 

 shaped ; limb nearly equally five-lobed ; stamens 

 included ; anthers ovate : style bearing a headed 

 stigma^ berry three-celled, two of them seedless ; a 

 creeping plant found on mountains in Scotland. 



L1NTHUR1S (De Montfort). A microscopic 

 fossil mollusc, described by Do France as nearly 

 allied to the Nautilncca. 



LION. See CAT. 



LIQUORICE is the Glycyrrhiza glabra of Tour- 

 nefort, cultivated for the juice extractible from the 

 root. See GLYCYHRHIZA. 



LIRIODENDRON(Limueus). A genus of trees 

 containing two species, which, from the amplitude of the 

 flowers, arc called tulip trees. They belong to Magno- 

 liace<, are natives of North America, and have been 

 long cultivated in Britain, forming a beautiful variety 

 among other ornamental trees. They are commonly 

 raised from seeds imported from America; and when 

 sown in the spring, do not readily vegetate the first 

 year, but lie inactive till the second year. 



LISIANTHLJS (Brown). A genus of trees, 

 shrubs, and biennial herbs, natives of the West India 

 islands. The flowers are pentandrious, and the genus 

 belongs to Gentianou. Generic character : calyx 

 somewhat bell-shaped, five-cleft, margin of the seg- 

 ments colourless and lying back ; corolla funnel- 

 shaped, throat beardless, limb five-cleft ; stamens 

 inserted into the base of the tube ; anthers arrow- 

 shaped, two-celled ; style elongated; stigma in two 

 plates, or shells ; seed vessel two-celled, dissepiments 

 and valves, turned back. Some of the species are 

 handsome dowering plants, and well worth cultiva- 

 tion ; they are readily propagated by cuttings struck 

 in sand under a glass. 



LISSOCH1LUS (R. Brown). A genusof splen- 

 did flowering Orchidcce, natives of the Cape of Good 

 Hope. They grow best in turfy peat, mixed with a 

 little loam ; and can only be increased by divisions of 

 the root. 



LISTERA (R. Brown). A genus of two British 

 plants, belonging to Orcfiidete, formprly called Xcottia 

 by Richard, and are the "twayblado" of English 

 botany, commonly found in damp woods. 



LITHER1NA (De Ferussac). A srenus of mol- 

 luscs separated from the genus Turbo of other authors. 

 We do not, however, think the distinction sufficiently 

 great to warrant its being constituted a genus. 



-LIZARD. :>] 



LITHOLEPAS (Sowerby.). A genus of molluscs 

 possessing most of the characters common to the 

 Lt'i>adicea, and, like them, having its valves fixed to 

 a flexible peduncle, at the base of which is a testa- 

 ceous appendage resembling a reversed patella, con- 

 sisting of eight contiguous pieces of an unequal size, 

 six of them lateral, whose lower ones are very small, 

 one large dorsal one, and one very small ventral one. 

 The peculiar faculty this mollusc has of forming ex- 

 cavations in which it lives in the rocks of Mount 

 Serrat, is unlike all other of its congeners ; and the 

 animal must be considered the type of an interme- 

 diate species between the Lepas and the Balanus. 



LITHOSIID.'E (Stephens). A family of noctur- 

 nal lepidopterous insects or moths, distinguished by 

 the slenderness of the body, the length and narrow- 

 ness of the wings, which are convoluted when at 

 rest ; the palpi are cylindric, and the antennae are 

 slender, and sometimes pectinated in the males. 

 Latreille united these insects with many others into 

 a family, which he named J'sendo bombyces, and they 

 certainly very much recede from the typical appear- 

 ance of the feathered lull-bodied moths, having, in 

 several respects, a much nearer relationship with the 

 Tincidee, with which also their larva; nearly corre- 

 spond. The moths do not present any remarkable 

 peculiarities for notice. The genera are Ca/fiinortiftn, 

 containing the pink under-whig moth (C. Jacobtca\ 

 Eulcpia, Decopcia, I.if/nisin, (riiop/iria, and Sethifi. 

 The species of the last named genera, and especially 

 those of Lithosia, are called footman-moths by col- 

 lectors, from the colours, which are generally dull 

 ochre or buff, with a narrow lighter .coloured margin 

 to the wings. The type of the genus is the Phalamn 

 noctiia complana (Linnaeus), which has the anterior 

 wings lead coloured, with the front margin clay 

 coloured, and the posterior wings yellow. It is about, 

 an inch and a quarter in expanse, and is sufficiently 

 common in woods near London. There are nine 

 other species. 



LITHOSPERMUM (Linnajus). A genus of 

 annual, biennial, and perennial herbs, mostly natives 

 of Europe. Several of them are natives of England, 

 and the L. officinafc is the gromwell of English 

 botany. 



LITUACEA (Lamarck, De Blainville). A family 

 of molluscs whose animals are not at all known, 

 without they resemble those of the Spirula. The 

 genera jncluded are mostly fossil ; but the Spirit/a is 

 a recent well known shell, and will more easily illus- 

 trate the characters of this family than a detailed 

 description. 



LlXUS(Fabricius). An extensive genus of coleo- 

 pterous insects belonging 1 to the family Citrcul/onhlcc 

 or weevils, having the body long and narrow, and 

 sometimes even linear, with the antennae twelve- 

 jointed, inserted behind khe middle of the rostrum, 

 the club being fusiform ; the rostrum is long and 

 cylindric, nearly straight, and not inclined to the 

 breast ; the femora are unarmed, and the tibiae have 

 a hook at the tip. The exotic species are numerous, 

 but there are only five found in this country, the 

 type being the L. paraplt-cticus, the larva of which 

 feeds on the stems of the phellandrium, and produces 

 a disease in horses which may happen to eat it with 

 the plant. 



LIZARD (LACERTA, or rather LACERTID^:, the 

 lizard family). The second family into which CHV.HT 

 divides his second order of reptiles, Sauria, and fol- 

 D-2 



