M N K E Y. 



are lengthened and cylindrical. The tail is as long 

 as the body arid head taken together ; in some indi- 

 viduals, and particularly in young subjects, it exceeds 

 these parts in length : it is cylindrical during the 

 greater part of its length, the base is gradually taper- 

 ing, and the tip is thickened and terminated by a 

 close tuft of long hairs, of an ovate form. The Sent' 

 nopithecus mourns is distinguished among the Java- 

 nese by the name of buderig, from another species 

 which has the same form and habit, but a different 

 external covering. The name of the latter is lutung ; 

 but the Malays and Europeans apply this name to 

 both species, and distinguish them by the epithet oi' 

 black and red ; the budeng being denominated Lutung 

 itam, and the lutung of the Javanese Lutung mera. 

 In Sumatra the name of the ' maure' is latong. The 

 budeng, or the black species, is more abundant than 

 the lutung, or the red species ; and the latter, both on 

 account of its variety and comparative beauty, is a 

 favourite among the natives. Whenever an individual 

 is obtained, care is taken to domesticate it, and it is 

 treated with kindness and attention. The budeng, 

 on the contrary, is neglected and despised ; it requires 

 much patience in any degree to improve the natural 

 sullenness of its temper. In confinement it remains 

 many months grave and morose, and, as it contributes 

 nothing to the amusement of the natives, it is rarely 

 found in villages or about the dwellings. This does 

 not arise from any aversion of the Javanese to the 

 monkey race ; the most common species of the island, 

 the Cercoccbus aygula of Geoffroy, the Egset of Pen- 

 nant, is very generally domesticated, and a favourite 

 custom of the natives is to associate it with the horse. 

 In every stable, from that of a prince to that of 

 a mantry, or chief of a village, one of these monkeys 

 is found ; but I never observed the buteng thus dis- 

 tinguished. The Semnopithecus maurus is found in 

 abundance in the extensive forests of Java ; it forms 

 its dwelling on trees, and associates in numerous 

 societies. Troops, consisting of more than fifty indi- 

 viduals, are often found together. In meeting them 

 in the forests, it is prudent to observe them at a 

 distance. They emit loud screams on the approach 

 of man, and, by the violent bustle and commotion 

 excited by their movements, branches of decaying 

 trees are not unfrequently detached, and precipitated 

 on the spectators. They are often chased by the 

 natives, for the purpose of obtaining their fur. In 

 these pursuits, which are generally ordered and at- 

 tended by chiefs, the animals are attacked with 

 cudgels and stones, and cruelly destroyed in great 

 numbers. The skins are prepared by a simple pro- 

 cess, which the natives have acquired from the 

 Europeans, and they conduct it at present with great 

 skill. It affords a fur of a jet black colour, covered 

 with long silky hairs, which is usually employed both 

 bv the natives and Europeans in preparing riding 

 equipages and military decorations. The budeng, 

 during its young state, feeds on tender leaves ol 

 plants and, trees, -and, when adult, on wild fruits ol 

 every description, which are found in great abundance 

 in the forests which it inhabits." 



There are various other species or varieties of sem- 

 nopitheci found in the oriental Archipelago, tho best 

 accounts of \vhich we have from Sir Stamford Raffles, 

 Dr. Horsfield, and the two French naturalists, Diarc 

 and Duvancel, who co-operated with the English 

 governor of Java and his fellow-labourers in exploring 

 the natural history of these remarkable islands. We 



nust confine ourselves to very brief notices of these 

 animals. 



The Simpai Monkey (S. melolophos}. This species 

 s found in the oriental Archipelago, and also in the 

 southern parts of the Malay peninsula, on the oppo- 

 site side of the Straits of Malacca. The head and 

 )ody are about one foot six inches long, of which the 

 lead occupies four inches ; the tail two feet eight 

 nches ; the height at the shoulder, when standing on 

 all fours, thirteen inches ; and the height at the crup- 

 aer sixteen inches. The face of the simpai is very 

 Sat, giving it an apparent development of cranium 

 which would lead those who apply the canons of 

 phrenology to the monkey race, and gauge intellect 

 of all kinds by the forms of bones, to impute to it 

 a very high degree of intellect. Those who have 

 seen it in its native localities, however, do not speak 

 of it as possessing more sagacity than the rest of its 

 tribe, which, though, generally speaking, active and 

 mischievous enough, are not remarkable for the pos- 

 session of any one useful or estimable quality. The 

 colour of this species is bright red on the upper part 

 of the body, with the hair on the sides of the face, 

 the outsides of the legs and tail yellowish ; the breast 

 and belly are whitish ; the hair on the cheeks is 

 directed forwards ; and the head surrounded with a 

 circle of black hairs, and there are long hairs of the 

 same colour on the shoulders ; the naked part of the 

 face is blue, with the exception of the upper lip and 

 chin, which are flesh-coloured ; and the ears are also 

 blue ; the naked skin of the paws and callosities is 

 black ; the belly is nearly naked, but the other parts 

 are covered with long and woolly hair, but not very 

 thick. There are seven lumbar vertebra^, and thirty 

 caudal ones. Little or nothing is known of the man- 

 ners of this animal in a state of nature. 



Tho Croo Monkey (S. comatus). This species, 

 which is also called the crested monkey, or the mitred 

 monkey, from the length of the hair on the top of its 

 head, is a native of the eastern Archipelago, and was 

 first discovered in Java by M. Diard. It is steel 

 grey on the upper part, the forehead, the upper part 

 of the tail, and the outsides of the legs, and sandy 

 white on the under parts. The paws are differently 

 formed from those of any other of t the semnopitheci, 

 the fingers being proportionally much shorter. This 

 difference leads us to infer that there must be a dif- 

 ference also in the habits of the animal; but what this 

 difference is, we know too little of its manners to 

 be able to ascertain. Tho tuft of black hairs 

 forming the crest or mitre on the top of the head is 

 long ; but the hair on the rest of the body is shorter 

 and more glossy than that upon any other of the 

 monkeys, which circumstance would again lead us to 

 infer that it is differently exposed to the atmosphere, 

 and probably that it is to a considerable extent a 

 nocturnal animal. 



Chingkou Monkey (S. pruniosus). This species is a 

 native of the same countries as those of this division 

 which have been noticed, and, like them, it is but little 

 known. In many respects this species bears a strong 

 resemblance to the croo monkey, and indeed the 

 chief distinction between them is in colour, which is 

 little to be depended on, the more especially as we 

 are ignorant of the changes which these animals may 

 undergo in this respect at different ages, and also 

 of the effects which situations more or less exposed 

 to the elements may have upon them. The general 

 colour of this monkey is black, only there is little 



